{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:24:09Z","timestamp":1780737849931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":357,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:50:02Z","timestamp":1729666202000},"page":"128558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outdoor physical activity is not associated with better mental health in a sample of predominantly Black people, but spending time in parks is"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa H.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashton","family":"Shortridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin A.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib1","series-title":"Black in White Space: The Enduring Impact of Color in Everyday Life","author":"Anderson","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.08.025","article-title":"The mechanistic basis of chromotherapy: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"46","author":"Azeemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1394-9","article-title":"Do racial patterns in psychological distress shed light on the Black-White depression paradox? A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Barnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-018-9911-1","article-title":"Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults","volume":"41","author":"Beyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.05.004","article-title":"Time spent outdoors, depressive symptoms, and variation by race and ethnicity","volume":"51","author":"Beyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510459112","article-title":"Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation","volume":"112","author":"Bratman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109408","article-title":"The effect of green walking on heart rate variability: a pilot crossover study","volume":"185","author":"de Brito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.07.006","article-title":"Editorial commentary: Scanning for threats and natural environments giving our reptilian brains a break","volume":"30","author":"Browning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaa040","article-title":"Measuring more than exposure: does stress appraisal matter for black\u2013white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms among older adults?","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azr064","article-title":"Untangling the relationship between fear of crime and perceptions of disorder: evidence from a longitudinal study of young people in England and Wales","volume":"51","author":"Brunton-Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Criminol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013097118","article-title":"A synthesis of health benefits of natural sounds and their distribution in national parks","volume":"118","author":"Buxton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib12","article-title":"Sleep quality, mental health and circadian rhythms during COVID lockdown \u2013 Results from the SleepQuest Study","volume":"2020","author":"Carrigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.046","article-title":"Kids in space: measuring children's residential neighborhoods and other destinations using activity space GPS and wearable camera data","volume":"193","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00236.x","article-title":"Agreement between diary records of time spent outdoors and personal ultraviolet radiation dose measurements","volume":"84","author":"Chodick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3","article-title":"Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm","volume":"43","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.07.013","article-title":"The impact of urbanisation on nature dose and the implications for human health","volume":"179","author":"Cox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib18","unstructured":"Cummings M. Elijah Anderson on the burden of being Black in white spaces 2022 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/news.yale.edu\/2022\/03\/24\/elijah-anderson-burden-being-black-white-spaces\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10165.x","article-title":"An overview analysis of the time people spend outdoors","volume":"164","author":"Diffey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000688","article-title":"Prospective associations of adolescent conscientiousness with psychological resources and metabolic syndrome in black and white men","volume":"81","author":"Duggan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04198.x","article-title":"Neural-immune interactions in health and disease","volume":"966","author":"Eskandari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib22","unstructured":"Evans F. How the perfect lawn became a symbol of the American Dream: History; 2021 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/lawn-mower-grass-american-dream\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00003","article-title":"Treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activity: an immune perspective","volume":"4","author":"Eyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a388c0","article-title":"Detecting indoor and outdoor environments using the ActiGraph GT3X+ light sensor in children","volume":"46","author":"Flynn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.1.119","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of the twin cities walking survey","volume":"6","author":"Forsyth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsust.2022.100148","article-title":"Chronic deficiency of diversity and pluralism in research on nature's mental health effects: a planetary health problem","volume":"4","author":"Gallegos-Riofr\u00edo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102087","article-title":"Race bias and gender bias in the diagnosis of psychological disorders","volume":"90","author":"Garb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9782-7","article-title":"More Than Just An Eyesore: Local Insights And Solutions on Vacant Land And Urban Health","volume":"90","author":"Garvin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6455","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120606455","article-title":"What is the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness in children? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Gray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-237-2019","article-title":"Urban vegetation classification with NDVI threshold value method with very high resolution (VHR) Pleiades imagery","volume":"42","author":"Hashim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm., Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.19.00410","article-title":"Employment outcomes, financial burden, anxiety, and depression among caregivers of african american cancer survivors","volume":"16","author":"Hastert","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600204","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder, psychophysiological distress, and health","volume":"46","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084092","article-title":"Measuring nature contact: a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Holland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib34","article-title":"Climatic factors dominate the spatial patterns of urban green space coverage in the contiguous United States","volume":"107","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710986","article-title":"Colour preference and healing in digital roaming landscape: a case study of mental subhealth populations","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James P., Fore R., Jiminez M.P., Hart J.E., Choirat C., Chavarro J.E., et al., editors. Minute-level smartphone GPS-derived exposure to greenness and consumer wearable-derived physical activity in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study 3. Internaltional Society for Environmental Epidemiology annual meeting; 2020; Virtual: Environmental Health Perspectives.","DOI":"10.1289\/isee.2020.virtual.P-0064"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0925","article-title":"GPS-based exposure to greenness and walkability and accelerometry-based physical activity","volume":"26","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol., Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106945","article-title":"Residential greenness-related DNA methylation changes","volume":"158","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002","article-title":"Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition","volume":"35","author":"Juster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.03.001","article-title":"Does spending time outdoors reduce stress? A review of real-time stress response to outdoor environments","volume":"51","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.03.001","article-title":"Does spending time outdoors reduce stress? A review of real-time stress response to outdoor environments","volume":"51","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105237","article-title":"Momentary mood response to natural outdoor environments in four European cities","volume":"134","author":"Kondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01093","article-title":"How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway","volume":"6","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib44","article-title":"Revisiting the black-white mental health paradox during the coronavirus pandemic","author":"LaMotte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Slow violence in public parks in the U.S.: can we escape our troubling past?","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Cult. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107844","article-title":"Associations between greenness and kidney disease in Massachusetts: The US Medicare longitudinal cohort study","volume":"173","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134684","article-title":"Naturally-diverse airborne environmental microbial exposures modulate the gut microbiome and may provide anxiolytic benefits in mice","volume":"701","author":"Liddicoat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib48","article-title":"Quantifying time spent outdoors: a versatile method using any type of global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer devices","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib49","unstructured":"Machado A. Why people of color often feel unsafe in the outdoors: Sierra; 2020 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.sierraclub.org\/sierra\/why-people-color-often-feel-unsafe-outdoors\u3009."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-00784-3","article-title":"Assessing psychological stress in South African university students: Measurement validity of the perceived stress scale (PSS-10) in diverse populations","volume":"41","author":"Makhubela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248622","article-title":"Mapping urban greenspace use from mobile phone GPS data","volume":"16","author":"Mears","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182013","article-title":"The relations between sleep, time of physical activity, and time outdoors among adult women","volume":"12","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114387","article-title":"The evaluation of the 3-30-300 green space rule and mental health","volume":"215","author":"Nieuwenhuijsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.03.002","article-title":"Residential exposure to visible blue space (but not green space) associated with lower psychological distress in a capital city","volume":"39","author":"Nutsford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103185","article-title":"A systematic review of audit tools for evaluating the quality of green spaces in mental health research","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.155358","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD","volume":"66","author":"Peacock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-021-00271-3","article-title":"Feelings of safety during daytime walking: associations with mental health, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in high vacancy, low-income neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan","volume":"20","author":"Pearson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J. Health Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141029","article-title":"Associations detected between measures of neighborhood environmental conditions and human microbiome diversity","volume":"745","author":"Pearson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08716-3","article-title":"Study of active neighborhoods in Detroit (StAND): study protocol for a natural experiment evaluating the health benefits of ecological restoration of parks","volume":"20","author":"Pearson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib60","first-page":"958","article-title":"Initial evidence of the relationships between the human postmortem microbiome and neighborhood blight and greening efforts","volume":"109","author":"Pearson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib61","article-title":"Social integration may moderate the relationship between neighborhood vacancy and mental health outcomes: initial evidence from flint, Michigan","author":"Pearson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Qual. Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077036","article-title":"Systematic review of best practices for GPS data usage, processing, and linkage in health, exposure science and environmental context research","volume":"14","author":"Pearson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120500155963","article-title":"The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise","volume":"15","author":"Pretty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J. Environ. Health Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.16.1.0055","article-title":"Visiting outdoor green environments positively impacts self-rated health among older people in long-term care","volume":"16","author":"Rappe","year":"2006","journal-title":"HortTechnol.\u00a0Horttech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024956925170","article-title":"Multilevel longitudinal impacts of incivilities: fear of crime, expected safety, and block satisfaction","volume":"19","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Quant. Criminol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016554","article-title":"Beyond neighborhood poverty: Family management, neighborhood disorder, and adolescents\u2019 early sexual onset","volume":"23","author":"Roche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.05.017","article-title":"Landscape care of urban vacant properties and implications for health and safety: Lessons from photovoice","volume":"46","author":"Sampson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1337945","article-title":"Actigraph GT3X: validation and determination of physical activity intensity cut points","volume":"34","author":"Santos-Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9481-7","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder and children's antisocial behavior: the protective effect of family support among Mexican American and African American Families","volume":"50","author":"Schofield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2020.104020","article-title":"Effects of vacant lots on human health: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"208","author":"Sivak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.007","article-title":"Human and policy dimensions of soundscape ecology","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1710-5","article-title":"Measurement of perceived stress among pregnant women: a comparison of two different instruments","volume":"19","author":"Solivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0298","article-title":"Effect of greening vacant land on mental health of community-dwelling adults","volume":"1","author":"South","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302526","article-title":"Neighborhood blight, stress, and health: a walking trial of urban greening and ambulatory heart rate","volume":"105","author":"South","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.5460","article-title":"Effect of abandoned housing interventions on gun violence, perceptions of safety, and substance use in black neighborhoods: a citywide cluster randomized trial","volume":"183","author":"South","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib76","article-title":"Analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) multi-temporal series for the production of forest cartography","volume":"20","author":"Spadoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Appl.: Soc. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib77","unstructured":"Summers D. Black walks in white neighborhoods 2020 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.arkrepublic.com\/2020\/03\/09\/black-walks-in-white-neighborhoods\/\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/23251042.2022.2057649","article-title":"Environmental justice beyond physical access: rethinking Black American utilization of urban public green spaces","volume":"8","author":"Sykes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127216","article-title":"Visitor access, use, and desired improvements in urban parks","volume":"63","author":"Talal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib80","series-title":"Arboriculture &amp","article-title":"Needs and Fears: The Response to Trees and Nature in the Inner City","author":"Talbot","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038100","article-title":"Psychometric analysis of the Ten-Item Perceived Stress Scale","volume":"27","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2020.595620","article-title":"What visitors want from urban parks: diversity, utility, serendipity","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121519","article-title":"Gene-environment interaction in the association of residential greenness and 25(OH) vitamin D","volume":"327","author":"Thiering","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6143402","article-title":"View through a window may influence recovery from surgery","volume":"224","author":"Ulrich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.06.001","article-title":"Greenspace and children's physical activity: a GPS\/GIS analysis of the PEACH project","volume":"51","author":"Wheeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146518814251","article-title":"Stress and the mental health of populations of color: advancing our understanding of race-related stressors","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-20.1.11","article-title":"Adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use: the influence of neighborhood disorder and hope","volume":"20","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2013-0463","article-title":"Total activity counts and bouted minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: relationships with cardiometabolic biomarkers using 2003-2006 NHANES","volume":"12","author":"Wolff-Hughes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121179","article-title":"Older adults' outdoor walking: inequalities in neighbourhood safety, pedestrian infrastructure and aesthetics","volume":"13","author":"Zandieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S161886672400356X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S161886672400356X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T08:25:17Z","timestamp":1731227117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S161886672400356X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S161886672400356X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-8667","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outdoor physical activity is not associated with better mental health in a sample of predominantly Black people, but spending time in parks is","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128558","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128558"}}