{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:33:08Z","timestamp":1793122388061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019033","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JH2\/102500038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/102500038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002979","name":"Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMU-1&DICP UN202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMU-1&DICP UN202402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026-MS-260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-MS-260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012465","name":"Dalian Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013099","name":"Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212510161045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212510161045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasonics Sonochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:13:47Z","timestamp":1789427627000},"page":"108063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Wearable low-frequency ultrasound for transdermal drug delivery: from mechanisms to clinical translation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Xinzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220530","article-title":"Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of donepezil transdermal delivery system with oral donepezil","volume":"90","author":"Tariot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123856","article-title":"Advancements in transdermal drug delivery: a comprehensive review of physical penetration enhancement techniques","volume":"652","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0015","first-page":"0504","article-title":"Noninvasive novel transdermal drug delivery system for deep drug permeability","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research (Wash D c)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016096626810","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequency sonophoresis","volume":"13","author":"Mitragotri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013366328457","article-title":"Frequency dependence of sonophoresis","volume":"18","author":"Tezel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0030","article-title":"A conformable ultrasound patch for cavitation-enhanced transdermal cosmeceutical delivery","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10024","article-title":"Investigations of the role of cavitation in low-frequency sonophoresis using acoustic spectroscopy","volume":"91","author":"Tezel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2024.107401","article-title":"Wearable ultrasound devices: an emerging era for biomedicine and clinical translation","volume":"142","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22280","article-title":"Transport pathways and enhancement mechanisms within localized and non-localized transport regions in skin treated with low-frequency sonophoresis and sodium lauryl sulfate","volume":"100","author":"Polat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2017.05.046","article-title":"Acoustic streaming simulation and analyses in in vitro low frequency sonophoresis","volume":"263","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.02.002","article-title":"Applicability and safety of dual-frequency ultrasonic treatment for the transdermal delivery of drugs","volume":"202","author":"Schoellhammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125560","article-title":"Transdermal administration of macromolecular drugs by multi-frequency sequential ultrasonic irradiation","volume":"675","author":"Matsubara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2020-0009","article-title":"Sustained acoustic medicine; Sonophoresis for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug delivery in arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Masterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1552294","article-title":"Sustained acoustic medicine increases local circulation with a diclofenac delivery patch: a randomized placebo controlled study","volume":"7","author":"Scanzuso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2023.3333318","article-title":"Flexible ultrasonic transducers for wearable biomedical applications: a review on advanced materials, structural designs, and future prospects","volume":"71","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55827","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c16735","article-title":"Calcium-modified silk patch as a next-generation ultrasound coupling medium","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0085","article-title":"Wearable ultrasound bioelectronics for healthcare monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0090","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA-a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0100","article-title":"In-vivo evaluation of ultrasound transducers with sweep-frequency excitation for noninvasive transdermal insulin delivery","volume":"112","author":"Al-Bataineh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17270","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04305","article-title":"A simple non-invasive approach toward efficient transdermal drug delivery based on biodegradable particulate system","volume":"11","author":"Svenskaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0110","first-page":"3521","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound mediated microbubbles in diclofenac gel to enhance transdermal permeation in rheumatoid arthritis induced rat","volume":"2015","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2019.04.013","article-title":"Phonophoresis of Phyllanthus amarus nanoparticle gel improves functional capacity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Pinkaew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c11181","article-title":"Stretchable electronic facial masks for sonophoresis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0125","article-title":"Plasmon-mediated transdermal ultrasonic photo-elastic patch for efficient drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.009","article-title":"Enhanced therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect of betamethasone on topical administration with low-frequency, low-intensity (20 kHz, 100 mW\/cm2) ultrasound exposure on carrageenan-induced arthritis in a mouse Model","volume":"41","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC06219D","article-title":"Research progress of physical transdermal enhancement techniques in tumor therapy","volume":"59","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2023.05.008","article-title":"Ultrasound therapy for the skin","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74770-5","article-title":"Interactions of inertial cavitation bubbles with stratum corneum lipid bilayers during low-frequency sonophoresis","volume":"85","author":"Tezel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophys. J ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2023.106690","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the influence of skin properties on a single cavitation bubble in low-frequency sonophoresis","volume":"101","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.6.044004","article-title":"Ultrahigh-speed dynamics of micrometer-scale inertial cavitation from nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Kwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-2367","article-title":"Paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for glioblastoma","volume":"30","author":"Habashy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0165","first-page":"45","article-title":"Wearable ultrasound devices for therapeutic applications","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomicro Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-556-18","article-title":"Dexamethasone sodium phosphate penetration during phonophoresis at 2 ultrasound frequencies","volume":"55","author":"Rigby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49069","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c10049","article-title":"Microbubble-enhanced transdermal drug delivery sonoelectric patch","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10080","article-title":"Porous resins as a cavitation enhancer for low-frequency sonophoresis","volume":"91","author":"Terahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00981-4","article-title":"Dependence of low-frequency sonophoresis on ultrasound parameters; distance of the horn and intensity","volume":"235","author":"Terahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.916","article-title":"Acoustic cavitation as an enhancing mechanism of low-frequency sonophoresis for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"32","author":"Ueda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.01.006","article-title":"Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms, scope, and emerging trends","volume":"152","author":"Polat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0016445","article-title":"The effects of elastic modulus and impurities on bubble nuclei available for acoustic cavitation in polyacrylamide hydrogels","volume":"152","author":"Rawnaque","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2024.02.006","article-title":"Effectiveness of chitosan phonophoresis on ulnar nerve conduction velocity, pain relief, and functional outcomes for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"ElGendy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2023.10996","article-title":"Phonophoresis treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome: Pulsed or continuous: a randomized-controlled clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Kelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01529-6","article-title":"A comparative study of passive drug diffusion through human skin via intercellular and sweat duct route: effect of aging","volume":"14","author":"Ranjan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-021-00402-y","article-title":"Enhancement of the transdermal delivery of zidovudine by pretreating the skin with two physical enhancers: microneedles and sonophoresis","volume":"29","author":"de Mart\u00ednez-Segoviano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.001","article-title":"Recovery of skin barrier properties after sonication in human subjects","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.12.64","article-title":"Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications","volume":"12","author":"Tehrani-Fateh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115133","article-title":"Ultrasound-activatable and skin-associated minimally invasive microdevices for smart drug delivery and diagnosis","volume":"203","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2011.1893","article-title":"Parametric array technique for microbubble excitation","volume":"58","author":"Vos","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2390673","article-title":"Microbubble spectroscopy of ultrasound contrast agents","volume":"121","author":"van der Meer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(02)00789-5","article-title":"Nonlinear behaviors of contrast agents relevant to diagnostic and therapeutic applications","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.06.056","article-title":"Mechanisms of ultrasound-microbubble cavitation for inducing the permeability of human skin","volume":"349","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03710-6","article-title":"A two-stage transdermal drug delivery system comprising sono-phase-change transfersomes for non-invasive deep dermal delivery","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0265","article-title":"Wearable flexible ultrasonic transducers: materials, applications, and challenges","volume":"159","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0270","article-title":"An emerging era: conformable ultrasound electronics","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15132766","article-title":"The preparation, structural design, and application of electroactive poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based materials for wearable sensors and human energy harvesters","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00841-y","article-title":"High sound pressure piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers using sputtered potassium sodium niobate","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.116048","article-title":"Mass-loaded suspended piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array towards flexible stretchable electronics evaluation","volume":"381","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00293-4","article-title":"Coupling agents in therapeutic ultrasound: acoustic and thermal behavior","volume":"85","author":"Casarotto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60181-x","article-title":"Bioadhesive hydrogel-coupled and miniaturized ultrasound transducer system for long-term, wearable neuromodulation","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2542","article-title":"Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs","volume":"377","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58220","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c18750","article-title":"Biocompatible all-in-one adhesive needle-free cup patch for enhancing transdermal drug delivery","volume":"13","author":"Bok","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-025-03075-x","article-title":"Enhanced transdermal delivery of piroxicam via nanocarriers, formulation, optimization, characterization, animal studies and randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Masjedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02789-8","article-title":"Revolutionizing knee osteoarthritis treatment: innovative self-nano-emulsifying polyethylene glycol organogel of curcumin for effective topical delivery","volume":"25","author":"Baharizade","year":"2024","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S327860","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of telmisartan: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo, iontophoretic permeation enhancement and comparative pharmacokinetic study in rats","volume":"15","author":"Teaima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2023.3341959","article-title":"Design of point-of-care ultrasound device to be used in at-home setting-a holistic approach","volume":"71","author":"Barbarevech","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2018.2836311","article-title":"Development of low frequency (20-100 kHz) clinically viable ultrasound applicator for chronic wound treatment","volume":"66","author":"Ngo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2023.3342150","article-title":"Clinical, safety, and engineering perspectives on wearable ultrasound technology: a review","volume":"71","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-026-00554-4","article-title":"Wearable ultrasound microneedle patch for on-demand and sustained management of gouty arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Npj Flex Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58075-z","article-title":"Wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36581-2","article-title":"Acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of acute disease","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01800-0","article-title":"A fully integrated wearable ultrasound system to monitor deep tissues in moving subjects","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05498-z","article-title":"A wearable cardiac ultrasound imager","volume":"613","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46049-6","article-title":"A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00571-3","article-title":"Assessment of drug delivery kinetics to epidermal targets in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Hoppel","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(02)00054-8","article-title":"Effect of sonication parameters on transdermal delivery of insulin to hairless rats","volume":"81","author":"Boucaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh5325","article-title":"Conformable ultrasound breast patch for deep tissue scanning and imaging","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw7632","article-title":"Skin-adaptive focused flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers for wearable cardiovascular health monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0390","first-page":"492","article-title":"Regulatory perspectives of combination products","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.10.008","article-title":"Lessons from innovation in drug-device combination products","volume":"64","author":"Couto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.11.041","article-title":"Low frequency sonophoresis mediated transdermal and intradermal delivery of ketoprofen","volume":"423","author":"Herwadkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."}],"container-title":["Ultrasonics Sonochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350417726003287?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350417726003287?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:47:48Z","timestamp":1793119668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1350417726003287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S1350417726003287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-4177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-4177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wearable low-frequency ultrasound for transdermal drug delivery: from mechanisms to clinical translation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.108063","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108063"}}