{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:13:44Z","timestamp":1782602024152,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,6]],"date-time":"2004-03-06T12:37:13Z","timestamp":1078576633000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Etiology and management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63564-X","article-title":"How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits","volume":"159","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00034-X","article-title":"Prevalence of a physician-assigned diagnosis of prostatitis","volume":"51","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB3","unstructured":"Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ Jr, et al, for the Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. J Urol 162:369\u2013375, 1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB4","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: National Institutes of Health Summary Statement. National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases workshop on chronic prostatitis: Executive Summary; December 7\u20138, 1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nickel JC, Nyberg LM, and Hennenfent M: Research guidelines for chronic prostatitis: consensus report from the first National Institutes of Health International Prostatitis Collaborative Network. Urology 54:229\u2013233, 1999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00205-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(98)00029-6","article-title":"Prostatitis","volume":"10","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB7","first-page":"492","article-title":"Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis","volume":"5","author":"Meares","year":"1968","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54976-9","article-title":"Prevalence and significance of prostatic inflammation","volume":"125","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64686-1","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of men with chronic prostatitis","volume":"168","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64572-7","article-title":"Leukocyte and bacterial counts do not correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis","volume":"168","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNaughton Collins M, Pontari MA, O'Leary MP, et al, for the Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. Quality of life is impaired in men with chronic prostatitis. J Gen Intern Med 16:656\u2013662, 2001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2001.01223.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00038-6","article-title":"Etiology of voiding dysfunction in men less than 50 years of age","volume":"47","author":"Kaplan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB13","unstructured":"Narayan P, McKay J, and Doyle C: A six-week double-blind pilot study of tamsulosin versus placebo in patients with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain [abstract]. J Urol 167:24, 2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01601-1","article-title":"Design of a multicenter randomized clinical trial for chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Propert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB15","unstructured":"Downey J, Nickel JC, Pontari MA, et al: Randomized placebo controlled multi-center pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of finasteride in the treatment of male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: category IIIA CPPS (chronic nonbacterial prostatitis) [abstract]. J Urol 167: 26, 2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01704-1","article-title":"Transurethral needle ablation for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (category III prostatitis)","volume":"60","author":"Leskinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64573-9","article-title":"Intravesical potassium sensitivity in patients with prostatitis","volume":"168","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB18","unstructured":"Nickel JC, Forrest J, Tomera KM, et al: Effects of pentosan polysulfate sodium in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled study [abstract]. J Urol 167:63, 2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nickel JC, Pontari M, Moon T, et al, for the Rofecoxib Prostatitis Investigator Team: A randomized, placebo controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rofecoxib in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. J Urol 169: 1401\u20131405, 2003","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000054983.45096.16"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00390-2","article-title":"Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the semen of patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Alexander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00844-X","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytokines interleukin 8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 as indicators of inflammation in prostatic secretions","volume":"56","author":"Hochreiter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67497-6","article-title":"IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in prostate secretions are indicators in the evaluation of men with chronic prostatitis","volume":"164","author":"Nadler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05285.x","article-title":"Treatment of chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia with pollen extract","volume":"64","author":"Buck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1993.tb15988.x","article-title":"Results of treatment with pollen extract (Cernilton N) in chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia","volume":"71","author":"Rugendorff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB25","first-page":"18","article-title":"Use of the bioflavonoid quercetin in patients with longstanding chronic prostatitis","volume":"2","author":"Shoskes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00358-1","article-title":"Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis","volume":"54","author":"Shoskes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB27","unstructured":"Hetrick D, Ciol M, Turner J, et al: Musculoskeletal findings in the evaluation of men with and without chronic pelvic pain. J Urol 167:28, 2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00796-2","article-title":"Biofeedback, pelvic floor re-education, and bladder training for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Clemens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000020314","article-title":"Perisphincteric injection of botulinum toxin type A","volume":"38","author":"Zermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Urol"}],"container-title":["Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429503012160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429503012160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T19:25:03Z","timestamp":1550172303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090429503012160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090429503012160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}