{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:32:55Z","timestamp":1791912775287,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,25]],"date-time":"2007-04-25T11:10:09Z","timestamp":1177499409000},"page":"S64-S72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Current Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis: An Evolving Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grannum R.","family":"Sant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.050","article-title":"Epidemiologic issues in interstitial cystitis","volume":"69","author":"Parsons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41529-1","article-title":"Summary of the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop on Interstitial Cystitis, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, August 28\u201329, 1987","volume":"140","author":"Gillenwater","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 6A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01131-1","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: current issues and controversies in diagnosis","volume":"57","author":"Sant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61948-7","article-title":"The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis revisited: lessons learned from the National Institutes of Health Interstitial Cystitis Database study","volume":"161","author":"Hanno","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib5","first-page":"200","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: the paradigm shifts","volume":"6","author":"Nickel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 5A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80333-1","article-title":"The interstitial cystitis symptom index and problem index","volume":"49","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01829-0","article-title":"Increased prevalence of interstitial cystitis: previously unrecognized urologic and gynecologic cases identified using a new symptom questionnaire and intravesical potassium sensitivity","volume":"60","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65517-6","article-title":"How do patients with interstitial cystitis present?","volume":"166","author":"Driscoll","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(78)90286-8","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: early diagnosis, pathology, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Messing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)69067-0","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: report of 223 cases (204 women and 19 men)","volume":"61","author":"Hand","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)01110-9","article-title":"Intravesical potassium sensitivity in patients with interstitial cystitis and urethral syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Parsons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"suppl 6A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01121-9","article-title":"Observations on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of interstitial cystitis in men","volume":"57","author":"Forrest","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36120-7","article-title":"The natural history of interstitial cystitis: a survey of 374 patients","volume":"149","author":"Koziol","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00587-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of interstitial cystitis","volume":"21","author":"Koziol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1111","article-title":"Contemporary clinical presentation of interstitial cystitis","volume":"69","author":"Teichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib16","series-title":"The diagnostic value of interstitial cystitis questionnaires","author":"Moldwin","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05256.x","article-title":"Quantifying symptoms in men with interstitial cystitis\/prostatitis, and its correlation with potassium-sensitivity testing","volume":"95","author":"Parsons","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62376-0","article-title":"Cystoscopic findings consistent with interstitial cystitis in normal women undergoing tubal ligation","volume":"160","author":"Waxman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66915-7","article-title":"Comparison of cystoscopic and histological findings in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis","volume":"164","author":"Denson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2003.11.021","article-title":"Primary evaluation of patients suspected of having interstitial cystitis (IC)","volume":"45","author":"Nordling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib21","series-title":"Female Urology","first-page":"167","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis","author":"Parsons","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib22","first-page":"631","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis and related disorders","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Hanno","year":"2002"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib23","first-page":"64","article-title":"A new look at the role of bladder distention in treatment of interstitial cystitis","volume":"167","author":"Payne","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63178-1","article-title":"The role of urinary potassium in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis","volume":"159","author":"Parsons","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 5A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80337-9","article-title":"Associations among cystoscopic and urodynamic findings for women enrolled in the Interstitial Cystitis Data Base (ICDB) Study","volume":"49","author":"Nigro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib26","series-title":"20 Common Problems in Urology","first-page":"119","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis","author":"Parsons","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00774-X","article-title":"Prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and urethral syndrome share a common pathophysiology: lower urinary dysfunctional epithelium and potassium recycling","volume":"62","author":"Parsons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.03.085","article-title":"Prevalence of interstitial cystitis in a primary care setting","volume":"69","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib29","series-title":"The use of intravesical anesthetics to aid in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis","author":"Moldwin","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.2.287","article-title":"Current strategies for managing interstitial cystitis","volume":"5","author":"Parsons","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67669-9","article-title":"Activation of bladder mast cells in interstitial cystitis: a light and electron microscopic study","volume":"153","author":"Theoharides","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01129-3","article-title":"Mast cell involvement in interstitial cystitis: a review of human and experimental evidence","volume":"57","author":"Theoharides","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000135890.08541.02","article-title":"Voiding frequency in a sample of asymptomatic American men","volume":"172","author":"Latini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000118164.39641.98","article-title":"Normality of bladder filling studied in symptom-free middle-aged women","volume":"171","author":"Pauwels","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 6A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01128-1","article-title":"Urine markers of interstitial cystitis","volume":"57","author":"Erickson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404509101","article-title":"An antiproliferative factor from interstitial cystitis patients is a frizzled 8 protein-related sialoglycopeptide","volume":"101","author":"Keay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048_bib37","first-page":"17","article-title":"Bladder defense molecules, urothelial differentiation, urinary biomarkers, and interstitial cystitis","volume":"69","author":"Hurst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009042950602053X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009042950602053X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T21:41:14Z","timestamp":1628804474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009042950602053X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S009042950602053X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}