{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:17:51Z","timestamp":1786997871656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,25]],"date-time":"2007-04-25T07:10:09Z","timestamp":1177485009000},"page":"S53-S59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"S","title":["The Emerging Presence of Interstitial Cystitis in Gynecologic Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Stanford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Lowell","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates","volume":"87","author":"Mathias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.1991.11742721","article-title":"The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain and irritable bowel syndrome in two university clinics","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(84)90366-1","article-title":"Confirmation of the preoperative diagnoses for hysterectomy","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199306000-00001","article-title":"The role of laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain: promise and pitfalls","volume":"48","author":"Howard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(96)80116-2","article-title":"The role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain: pitfalls with a negative laparoscopy","volume":"4","author":"Howard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01829-0","article-title":"Increased prevalence of interstitial cystitis: previously unrecognized urologic and gynecologic cases identified using a new symptom questionnaire and intravesical potassium sensitivity","volume":"60","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02723-0","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain","volume":"101","author":"Howard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib8","first-page":"7","article-title":"Underlying neuropathology of interstitial cystitis","author":"Butrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Female Patient"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib9","first-page":"42","article-title":"Clinical implications of visceral hyperalgesia","volume":"6","author":"Mayer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contemp Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01143-8","article-title":"Neurophysiologic testing in chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00774-X","article-title":"Prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain, and urethral syndrome share a common pathophysiology: lower urinary dysfunctional epithelium and potassium recycling","volume":"62","author":"Parsons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64573-9","article-title":"Intravesical potassium sensitivity in patients with prostatitis","volume":"168","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib13","first-page":"589","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician\u2013Gynecologists Number 51, March 2004","volume":"103","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Adhesions and pelvic pain: a retrospective study","volume":"68","author":"Rapkin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"suppl 153","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib15","first-page":"89","article-title":"The posterior fornix syndrome: a multiple symptom complex of pelvic pain and abnormal urinary symptoms deriving from laxity in the posterior fornix of vagina","volume":"27","author":"Petros","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00085-4","article-title":"Sciatic hernia as a cause of chronic pelvic pain in women","volume":"91","author":"Miklos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2004.12.016","article-title":"The prevalence of interstitial cystitis, endometriosis, adhesions, and vulvar pain in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"12","author":"Stanford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02087-2","article-title":"Diagnosing interstitial cystitis in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"100","author":"Clemons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127375","article-title":"The prevalence of interstitial cystitis in gynecologic patients with pelvic pain, as detected by intravesical potassium sensitivity","volume":"187","author":"Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib20","first-page":"25","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis and endometriosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain: the \u201cEvil Twins\u201d syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Soc Laparoendosc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00224.x","article-title":"Increased numbers of activated mast cells in endometriosis lesions positive for corticotropin-releasing hormone and urocortin","volume":"52","author":"Kempuraj","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.1.8","article-title":"Is mild endometriosis a disease?","volume":"10","author":"Moen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137229","article-title":"The impact of treatment on the natural history of endometriosis","volume":"5","author":"Mahmood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib24","first-page":"945","article-title":"Evaluating chronic pelvic pain: a consensus recommendation","volume":"44","author":"Scialli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00341-X","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of depot leuprolide in patients with chronic pelvic pain and clinically suspected endometriosis","volume":"93","author":"Ling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36120-7","article-title":"The natural history of interstitial cystitis: a survey of 374 patients","volume":"149","author":"Koziol","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.04.011","article-title":"Is cystoscopy and hydrodistension necessary to diagnose interstitial cystitis?","volume":"66","author":"Ottem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64018-7","article-title":"Bladder petechiae after cystoscopy and hydrodistension in men diagnosed with prostate pain","volume":"159","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 6A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01121-9","article-title":"Observations on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of interstitial cystitis in men","volume":"57","author":"Forrest","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib30","first-page":"70","article-title":"Characterization of female sexual dysfunction in patients with interstitial cystitis","volume":"169","author":"Zaslau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66551-0","article-title":"Discrimination between the ulcerous and nonulcerous forms of interstitial cystitis by noninvasive findings","volume":"155","author":"Koziol","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)69067-0","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: a report of 223 cases (204 women and 19 men)","volume":"61","author":"Hand","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200312000-00011","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis and chronic pelvic pain: new insights in neuropathology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"46","author":"Butrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.06.044","article-title":"Prevalence of interstitial cystitis in young women","volume":"64","author":"Parsons","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.03.085","article-title":"Prevalence of interstitial cystitis in a primary care setting","volume":"69","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(78)90286-8","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: early diagnosis, pathology, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Messing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66915-7","article-title":"Comparison of cystoscopic and histological findings in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis","volume":"164","author":"Denson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64678-2","article-title":"Does the potassium stimulation test predict cystometric, cystoscopic outcome in interstitial cystitis?","volume":"168","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61948-7","article-title":"The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis revisited: lessons learned from the National Institutes of Health Interstitial Cystitis Database study","volume":"161","author":"Hanno","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930090302","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria in over 200 cases","volume":"9","author":"Parsons","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62376-0","article-title":"Cystoscopic findings consistent with interstitial cystitis in normal women undergoing tubal ligation","volume":"160","author":"Waxman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib42","first-page":"438A","article-title":"Graded potassium chloride testing in interstitial cystitis","volume":"155","author":"Payne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1105","article-title":"Rational approaches in the treatment of interstitial cystitis","volume":"69","author":"Moldwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(96)02502-X","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis subjects undergoing surgical intervention: a descriptive analysis and histopathological correlates","volume":"68","author":"Chaim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib45","first-page":"591","article-title":"Vestibulectomy for vulvar vestibulitis","volume":"48","author":"Gaunt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.agast972120","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: a technical review for practice guideline development","volume":"112","author":"Drossman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00008.x","article-title":"Review article: gender-related differences in functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Mayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X97221485","article-title":"Sex differences in pain","volume":"20","author":"Berkeley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018888631286","article-title":"Effect of leuprolide acetate in treatment of abdominal pain and nausea in premenopausal women with functional bowel disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study","volume":"43","author":"Mathias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/gyn.1990.6.155","article-title":"Laser laparoscopic adhesiolysis","volume":"6","author":"Sutton","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gynecol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049_bib51","series-title":"Use of the PUF questionnaire to determine the prevalence of IC in obstetrics and gynecology practices","author":"Dell","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429506020541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429506020541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T09:41:54Z","timestamp":1556358114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090429506020541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090429506020541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}