{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T21:09:21Z","timestamp":1794085761119,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","goldjournal.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T20:32:29Z","timestamp":1743885149000},"page":"206-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Urobiome and Inflammation: A Systematic Review on Microbial Imbalances and Diagnostic Tools for Urinary Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lucarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lasorsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Damiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Autorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Aveta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Spena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisto","family":"Perdon\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Giulioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Cafarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Finati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Siracusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savio Domenico","family":"Pandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.190","article-title":"The epidemiology of urinary tract infection","volume":"7","author":"Foxman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in urinary tract infections: from biological insights to emerging therapeutic alternatives","volume":"60","author":"Bologna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Lithuania)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1086\/524663","article-title":"The prevention of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection","volume":"46","author":"Nicolle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1086\/318850","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges","volume":"183","author":"Stamm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106974","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance patterns among uropathogens in female outpatients affected by uncomplicated cystitis: focus on fosfomycin trometamol","volume":"62","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0204-8","article-title":"Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology","volume":"9","author":"Abelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043287","article-title":"A novel low-cost uroflowmetry for patient telemonitoring","volume":"20","author":"Pandolfo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105295","article-title":"The urobiome, urinary tract infections, and the need for alternative therapeutics","volume":"161","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.361","article-title":"The microbiome of the urinary tract\u2014a role beyond infection","volume":"12","author":"Whiteside","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12102049","article-title":"Insights into Porphyromonas somerae in bladder cancer patients: urinary detection by ddPCR","volume":"12","author":"Russo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2023.11.003","article-title":"Microbiome profiling in bladder cancer patients using the first-morning urine sample","volume":"59","author":"Nardelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.562525","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infections: unraveling the complicated environment of uncomplicated rUTIs","volume":"11","author":"Josephs-Spaulding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082784","article-title":"The efficacy of Flogofilm\u00ae in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy: a randomized prospective trial","volume":"12","author":"Barone","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101194","article-title":"Use of intravesical injections of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"10","author":"Trama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f88ba3","article-title":"The function and biological role of toll-like receptors in infectious diseases: an update","volume":"21","author":"Hornef","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7204","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208","article-title":"Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.659450","article-title":"The good and the bad: ecological interaction measurements between the urinary microbiota and uropathogens","volume":"12","author":"Zandbergen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.617002","article-title":"Urinary microbiome: Yin and Yang of the urinary tract","volume":"11","author":"Perez-Carrasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib20","unstructured":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality if nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm. 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00437-9","article-title":"Detecting urethral and prostatic inflammation in patients with chronic prostatitis","volume":"55","author":"Krieger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1086\/319594","article-title":"Role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"32","author":"Horner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1977-1986.2003","article-title":"Microbial population diversity in the urethras of healthy males and males suffering from nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"41","author":"Riemersma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-011-0391-z","article-title":"Epidemiological features and resistance pattern in uropathogens isolated from chronic bacterial prostatitis","volume":"49","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201380","article-title":"The bacterial microbiota in first-void urine from men with and without idiopathic urethritis","volume":"13","author":"Fr\u00f8lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212434","article-title":"Infectious human adenoviruses are shed in urine even after disappearance of urethral symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Hanaoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03942-9","article-title":"Female lower urinary tract microbiota do not associate with IC\/PBS symptoms: a case-controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Bresler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00092","article-title":"The vaginal and urinary microbiomes in premenopausal women with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome as compared to unaffected controls: a pilot cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Meriwether","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.860408","article-title":"The urobiomes of adult women with various lower urinary tract symptoms status differ: a re-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Joyce","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105625","article-title":"First-void urine microbiome in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"23","author":"Gaspari","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/02813439608997067","article-title":"Young women with symptoms of urinary tract infection: prevalence and diagnosis of chlamydial infection and evaluation of rapid screening of bacteriuria","volume":"14","author":"\u00d6sterberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413504556","article-title":"Bacterial loads of Ureaplasma urealyticum contribute to development of urethritis in men","volume":"25","author":"Shimada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib33","first-page":"298","article-title":"Prediction of the persistence of Mycoplasma genitalium after antimicrobial chemotherapy by quantification of leukocytes in first-void urine from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis","volume":"20","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect\u00a0Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1071\/SH13190","article-title":"Testing for \u201cthreads\u201d and leucocyte esterase in first-void urine to exclude the diagnosis of non-specific urethritis in asymptomatic men","volume":"11","author":"Pallawela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0475-3","article-title":"Diagnosing inflammation and infection in the urinary system via proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22660-8","article-title":"Microbial metagenome of urinary tract infection","volume":"8","author":"Moustafa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib37","first-page":"681","article-title":"Clinical profile and co-infections of urethritis in males","volume":"156","author":"Bellinato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04562-0","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in unbiased pathogen diagnosis of urinary tract infection","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02240-7","article-title":"Novel lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in syndromic management settings: a cross-sectional performance evaluation","volume":"403","author":"Peters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib40","first-page":"16","article-title":"Lactobacilli vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections","volume":"172","author":"Beerepoot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib41","first-page":"14","article-title":"Combination of probiotics and antibiotics in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children","volume":"23","author":"Mohseni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15040156","article-title":"Effect of an add-on multi-strain probiotic formulation in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.870603","article-title":"Commensal urinary lactobacilli inhibit major uropathogens in vitro with heterogeneity at species and strain level","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1086\/514728","article-title":"Nongonococcal urethritis\u2014a new paradigm","volume":"28","author":"Burstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416648585","article-title":"2016 European guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis","volume":"27","author":"Horner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00041","article-title":"The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults","volume":"3","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1216674","article-title":"Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries","volume":"14","author":"Latif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.361","article-title":"The microbiome of the urinary tract--a role beyond infection","volume":"12","author":"Whiteside","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib49","first-page":"175","article-title":"Rita Levi-Montalcini and the discovery of NGF, the first nerve cell growth factor","volume":"149","author":"Aloe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1","article-title":"Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009042952500305X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009042952500305X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T15:26:01Z","timestamp":1751383561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009042952500305X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S009042952500305X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urobiome and Inflammation: A Systematic Review on Microbial Imbalances and Diagnostic Tools for Urinary Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}