{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:45:34Z","timestamp":1792583134423,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","goldjournal.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:13:24Z","timestamp":1792077204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Urology: A National Delphi Study of Academic Urology Educators"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew D.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenessa","family":"Lindeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurjit","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9252-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ara","family":"Tekian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate H.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2792","article-title":"Have we created a crisis in confidence for general surgery residents? A systematic review and qualitative discourse analysis","volume":"151","author":"Elfenbein","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002414","article-title":"Readiness of US general surgery residents for independent practice","volume":"266","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a191ca","article-title":"General surgery residency inadequately prepares trainees for fellowship: results of a Survey of Fellowship Program Directors","volume":"258","author":"Mattar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2019.02.002","article-title":"Evaluation of urology residency training and perceived resident abilities in the United States","volume":"76","author":"Okhunov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.5840","article-title":"A 15-year analysis of surgical resident operative autonomy across all surgical specialties in Veterans Affairs Hospitals","volume":"157","author":"Anjaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.05.070","article-title":"Trends in urology resident surgical autonomy: What do ACGME chief resident case logs indicate?","volume":"204","author":"Lynch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2024.103370","article-title":"Urology resident autonomy in the veterans affairs healthcare system","volume":"82","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E212","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8639","article-title":"Graduating resident and fellow readiness for general urologic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Waisanen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/UPJ.0000000000000158","article-title":"Multi-institutional collaborative resident education in the era of COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-18-00372.1","article-title":"Milestones 2.0: a step forward","volume":"10","author":"Edgar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib11","unstructured":"Holmboe E., Edgar L., Hamstra S. The Milestones Guidebook. 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2014.993954","article-title":"Assessing competencies using milestones along the way","volume":"37","author":"Tekian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12839","article-title":"The promise, perils, problems and progress of competency-based medical education","volume":"50","author":"Touchie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-18-00717.1","article-title":"Rising to the challenge: residency programs\u2019 experience with implementing milestones-based assessment","volume":"11","author":"Dzara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02341.x","article-title":"Entrustability of professional activities and competency-based training","volume":"39","author":"Ten Cate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00380.1","article-title":"Nuts and bolts of entrustable professional activities","volume":"5","author":"Ten Cate","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001044","article-title":"Entrustment decision making in clinical training","volume":"91","author":"Ten Cate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2020.1733506","article-title":"Entrustment decisions: implications for curriculum development and assessment","volume":"42","author":"Tekian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001161","article-title":"Shortening the miles to the milestones: connecting EPA-based evaluations to ACGME milestone reports for Internal Medicine Residency Programs","volume":"91","author":"Choe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31805559c7","article-title":"Viewpoint: competency-based postgraduate training: Can we bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice?","volume":"82","author":"Ten Cate","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001204","article-title":"Toward defining the foundation of the MD degree: core entrustable professional activities for entering residency","volume":"91","author":"Englander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001141","article-title":"Building a framework of entrustable professional activities, supported by competencies and milestones, to bridge the educational continuum","volume":"92","author":"Carraccio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib23","unstructured":"Anon: What is CBD. 2024. Accessed May 31, 2024. https:\/\/www.royalcollege.ca\/en\/cbd\/understanding-cbd\/what-is-cbd.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004107","article-title":"A phased approach: the general surgery experience adopting entrustable professional activities in the United States","volume":"96","author":"Lindeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2016.1230665","article-title":"Are all EPAs really EPAs?","volume":"39","author":"Tekian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8947","article-title":"Five years of competency-based medical education in Canadian urology: a national survey of senior resident and faculty satisfaction and perspectives","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J J Assoc Urol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2023.07.014","article-title":"Implementation of entrustable professional activities in multiple surgical residencies: a quality improvement approach","volume":"226","author":"Dent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib28","unstructured":"Hanelin D.G., Tripp J., Sankin A., Urology autonomy maps: evaluation of attending surgeon expectations for resident competencies in common urology procedures. Urology 2025. Accessed October 23, 2025. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0090429525009306."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1680","article-title":"Creating entrustable professional activities to assess internal medicine residents in training: a mixed-methods approach","volume":"168","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001908","article-title":"EQual, a Novel Rubric to evaluate entrustable professional activities for quality and structure","volume":"92","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll"}],"container-title":["Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429526006709?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090429526006709?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:26:39Z","timestamp":1792581999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090429526006709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0090429526006709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-4295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-4295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Urology: A National Delphi Study of Academic Urology Educators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2026.10.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}