{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:26:57Z","timestamp":1781677617973,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]],"date-time":"2013-09-17T19:15:19Z","timestamp":1379445319000},"page":"45.e1-45.e9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["iNOS expression and NO production contribute to the direct effects of BCG on urothelial carcinoma cell biology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Gopitkumar","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanghong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YanLi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaraman","family":"Kalyanaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.03.017","article-title":"EAU guidelines on non\u2013muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the 2011 update","volume":"59","author":"Babjuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.10051","article-title":"Canadian guidelines for treatment of non\u2013muscle invasive bladder cancer: a focus on intravesical therapy","volume":"4","author":"Kassouf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall MC, Cheng SS, Dalbagni G, et al. Guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: (Stages Ta, T1, and Tis): American Urological Association. Update; 2007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1159\/000052466","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression are upregulated by Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in the rat bladder","volume":"39","author":"Oh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2005.04.012","article-title":"The effect of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin instillations on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in humans","volume":"13","author":"Mitropoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2006.01.007","article-title":"Enhanced formation of nitric oxide in bladder carcinoma in situ and in BCG treated bladder cancer","volume":"15","author":"Hosseini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00978.x","article-title":"Enhancing effect of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis on bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-induced macrophage cytotoxicity against murine bladder cancer cell line MBT-2 in vitro","volume":"91","author":"Yamada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64744-1","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine augments the cellular redox changes and cytotoxic activity of internalized Mycobacterium bovis in human bladder cancer cells","volume":"168","author":"Pook","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.10.042","article-title":"iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation","volume":"75","author":"Aktan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitric oxide physiology and pathology","volume":"704","author":"Hirst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00087-X","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in gene regulation, cell death and cell survival","volume":"1","author":"Kroncke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.8.4959","article-title":"1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric-oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo","volume":"272","author":"Garvey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.123","article-title":"HMGB1 release by urothelial carcinoma cells in response to BCG functions as a paracrine factor to potentiate the direct cellular effects of BCG","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.218","article-title":"A synthetic polyvalent ligand for 51 integrin activates components of the urothelial carcinoma cell response to bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"189","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mossman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.10.006","article-title":"Selective iNOS inhibition reduces renal damage induced by cisplatin","volume":"176","author":"Chirino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1147","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00294.2006","article-title":"IL-4 stimulates the expression of CXCL-8, E-selectin, VEGF, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA by equine pulmonary artery endothelial cells","volume":"292","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2008.12.023","article-title":"p21 Expression by human urothelial carcinoma cells modulates the phenotypic response to BCG","volume":"28","author":"See","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00096-0","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase and control of intracellular bacterial pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Chakravortty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1411","key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib20","first-page":"e15","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin induces cellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in cancer cells","volume":"79","author":"Rahmat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-200102000-00093","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin induces long-term local formation of nitric oxide in the bladder via the induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in urothelial cells","volume":"165","author":"Morcos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013571","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette Gu\u00e9rin induces fibroblast activation both directly and through macrophages in a mouse bladder cancer model","volume":"5","author":"Lodillinsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib23","first-page":"565","article-title":"Inhibition of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-induced nitric oxide in bladder tumor cells may improve BCG treatment","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200403000-00005","article-title":"Immunotherapy of experimental bladder cancer with recombinant BCG expressing interferon-gamma","volume":"27","author":"Arnold","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.08274.x","article-title":"Bacille-Calmette Gu\u00e9rin induces caspase-independent cell death in urothelial carcinoma cells together with release of the necrosis-associated chemokine high molecular group box protein 1","volume":"103","author":"See","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"}],"container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078143913002548?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078143913002548?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:03:44Z","timestamp":1761041024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078143913002548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078143913002548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1439","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"iNOS expression and NO production contribute to the direct effects of BCG on urothelial carcinoma cell biology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}