{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:43:51Z","timestamp":1779374631013,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T01:30:28Z","timestamp":1518139828000},"page":"103-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin-unresponsive non\u2013muscle invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Neelam","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Svatek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67707-5","article-title":"Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study","volume":"163","author":"Lamm","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.06.003","article-title":"EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013","volume":"64","author":"Babjuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.01.012","article-title":"Strategies for optimizing bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.06.049","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA\/SUO guideline","volume":"196","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.4070","article-title":"Definitions, end points, and clinical trial designs for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group","volume":"34","author":"Kamat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-159002","article-title":"Clarification of bladder cancer disease states following treatment of patients with intravesical BCG","volume":"1","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)40002-4","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus doxorubicin versus thiotepa: a randomized prospective study in 202 patients with superficial bladder cancer","volume":"143","author":"Martinez-Pineiro","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.10.030","article-title":"Clinical trial design for the development of new therapies for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: report of a Food and Drug Administration and American Urological Association public workshop","volume":"83","author":"Jarow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13904","article-title":"MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer","volume":"515","author":"Powles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172411","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2411","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: updated results from a phase 1\/2 open-label study","author":"Powles","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1643","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors: new insights and current place in cancer therapy","volume":"35","author":"La-Beck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05481.x","article-title":"Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death","volume":"11","author":"Ishida","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000059","article-title":"Biochemical signaling of PD-1 on T cells and its functional implications","volume":"20","author":"Boussiotis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0258","article-title":"Tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signals regulate cell growth, pathogenesis, and autophagy in ovarian cancer and melanoma","volume":"76","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib17","article-title":"Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 promotes tumor-initiating cell generation and functions in melanoma and ovarian cancer","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4800","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0731","article-title":"T-cell coregulatory molecule expression in urothelial cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations and association with survival","volume":"14","author":"Boorjian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22588","article-title":"PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG-induced granulomata: associations with localized stage progression","volume":"109","author":"Inman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.9761","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"34","author":"Massard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1348","article-title":"Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"348","author":"Rizvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00561-4","article-title":"Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"387","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0749-6","article-title":"Avelumab: first global approval","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nivolumab for the treatment of bladder cancer","author":"Hakenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1251-3","article-title":"A phase I\/II trial of fixed-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy with sequential or concurrent pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: evaluation of safety and clinical and immunologic response","volume":"15","author":"Sundahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.04.001","article-title":"Expanding immunotherapy options for bladder cancer: commentary on: pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Lavoie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088846","article-title":"A palindromic CpG-containing phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide as a mucosal adjuvant stimulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell-mediated T(H)1 immunity","volume":"9","author":"Maeyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181587d29","article-title":"CpG therapy is superior to BCG in an orthotopic bladder cancer model and generates CD4+ T-cell immunity","volume":"31","author":"Mangsbo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0126","article-title":"Pilot study of vaccination with recombinant CEA-MUC-1-TRICOM poxviral-based vaccines in patients with metastatic carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Gulley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096705","article-title":"Intravesical ALT-803 and BCG treatment reduces tumor burden in a carcinogen induced bladder cancer rat model; a role for cytokine production and NK cell expansion","volume":"9","author":"Gomes-Giacoia","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.030","article-title":"Phase I trial of intravesical recombinant adenovirus mediated interferon-alpha2b formulated in Syn3 for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin failures in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"190","author":"Dinney","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.3064","article-title":"Intravesical rAd-IFNalpha\/Syn3 for patients with high-grade, bacillus Calmette-Guerin-refractory or relapsed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a phase II randomized study","author":"Shore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.097","article-title":"A first in human phase 1 study of CG0070, a GM-CSF expressing oncolytic adenovirus, for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"188","author":"Burke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020_bib34","article-title":"An open label, single-arm, phase II multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of CG0070 oncolytic vector regimen in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: interim results","author":"Packiam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107814391730649X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107814391730649X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:12:18Z","timestamp":1761041538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S107814391730649X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S107814391730649X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1439","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin-unresponsive non\u2013muscle invasive bladder cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.12.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}