{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1793411043292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T03:28:10Z","timestamp":1553311690000},"page":"478-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Expression and prognostic utility of PD-L1 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Owyong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yair","family":"Lotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payal","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Panwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffani","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mosbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Abol-Enein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ghoneim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramy F.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811215)48:12<2643::AID-CNCR2820481216>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"The impact of schistosomiasis on the pathology of bladder carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"El-Bolkainy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64487-2","article-title":"Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1,026 cases","volume":"158","author":"Ghoneim","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.024","article-title":"Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: 2,720 consecutive cases 5 years later","volume":"180","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22853","article-title":"Outcome and patterns of recurrence of nonbilharzial pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary review of The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center experience","volume":"110","author":"Kassouf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1972.tb10106.x","article-title":"Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder","volume":"44","author":"Ghoneim","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.09.056","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of pure squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation in patients treated with radical cystectomy","volume":"187","author":"Ehdaie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2","article-title":"Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30616-2","article-title":"First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"18","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4525","article-title":"Updated efficacy and tolerability of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC)","volume":"35","author":"Hahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30065-7","article-title":"Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4528","article-title":"Updated efficacy and safety of avelumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): Pooled analysis from 2 cohorts of the phase 1b Javelin solid tumor study","volume":"35","author":"Apolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22588","article-title":"PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG-induced granulomata: associations with localized stage progression","volume":"109","author":"Inman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-006-0266-z","article-title":"Overexpression of B7-H1 (PD-L1) significantly associates with tumor grade and postoperative prognosis in human urothelial cancers","volume":"56","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4800","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0731","article-title":"T-cell coregulatory molecule expression in urothelial cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations and association with survival","volume":"14","author":"Boorjian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.06.019","article-title":"Frequent PD-L1 protein expression and molecular correlates in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Udager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0016","unstructured":"Edge S.B., Byrd D.R., Compton C.C., Fritz A.G., Greene F.L., Trotti A., et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (7th ed.). New York, NY: Springer; 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406351101","article-title":"Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target","volume":"101","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Academy Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2042","article-title":"The immune checkpoint regulator PD-L1 is highly expressed in aggressive primary prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"Gevensleben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.09.088","article-title":"Expression of programmed death ligand 1 in penile cancer is of prognostic value and associated with HPV status","volume":"197","author":"Ottenhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.06.086","article-title":"Prognostic value of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in patients with high grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma","volume":"198","author":"Krabbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S91469","article-title":"Prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: evidence from an updated meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.04.003","article-title":"The role of the PD-L1: PD-1 pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"50","author":"Zandberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.08.023","article-title":"Association of T-cell co-regulatory protein expression with clinical outcomes following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"40","author":"Xylinas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv009","article-title":"Association of PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells and overall survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.10.020","article-title":"Assessment of tumoral PD-L1 expression and intratumoral CD8+ T cells in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"85","author":"Faraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-160067","article-title":"The role of PD-L1 expression and intratumoral lymphocytes in response to perioperative chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Erlmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.01.014","article-title":"Correlation between messenger RNA expression and protein expression of immune checkpoint-associated molecules in bladder urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective study","volume":"35","author":"Le Goux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urologic Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00317-X","article-title":"Clinical outcomes following radical cystectomy for primary nontransitional cell carcinoma of the bladder compared to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"175","author":"Rogers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6533","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.516","article-title":"Lymphovascular invasion is independently associated with overall survival, cause-specific survival, and local and distant recurrence in patients with negative lymph nodes at radical cystectomy","volume":"23","author":"Lotan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000163267.93769.d8","article-title":"Prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion of bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy","volume":"174","author":"Quek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0031","first-page":"417","article-title":"Lymphovascular invasion is associated with oncologic outcomes following radical cystectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder","volume":"34","author":"Spradling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urologic Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58266-X","article-title":"Bladder cancer and squamous metaplasia in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"118","author":"Kaufman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49366-9","article-title":"Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with long-term catheter drainage","volume":"133","author":"Locke","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3259","article-title":"PD-L1\/B7H-1 inhibits the effector phase of tumor rejection by T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8+ T cells","volume":"64","author":"Blank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(89)90171-4","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder after successful intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin","volume":"34","author":"Brenner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_175463","article-title":"Biomarkers for checkpoint inhibition","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"}],"container-title":["Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078143919300936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1078143919300936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1761041692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1078143919300936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1078143919300936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1439","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Expression and prognostic utility of PD-L1 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.02.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}