{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:23:38Z","timestamp":1785338618574,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Animal Health and Welfare Branch, Veterinary Inspectorate"},{"name":"Force Health Protection, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T03:37:08Z","timestamp":1512531428000},"page":"295-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dexmedetomidine or fentanyl? Cardiovascular stability and analgesia during propofol-ketamine total intravenous anaesthesia in experimental pigs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lervik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Raszplewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Ranheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Solbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simen F","family":"Toverud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning A","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00413.x","article-title":"Effects of morphine and fentanyl constant rate infusion on urine output in healthy and traumatized dogs","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib2","first-page":"413","article-title":"Overview movement as an index of anesthetic depth in humans and experimental animals","volume":"55","author":"Antognini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005221","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of alpha-adrenoceptors that mediate contraction in splenic artery strips from the pig","volume":"357","author":"Barbieri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkt005","article-title":"Determination of buprenorphine, fentanyl and LSD in whole blood by UPLC-MS-MS","volume":"37","author":"Berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931927","article-title":"The effect of medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia on hemodynamic parameters during hemorrhagic shock in minipigs","volume":"59","author":"Brezina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.14-0011","article-title":"Novel and effective balanced intravenous-inhalant anaesthetic protocol in swine by using unrestricted drugs","volume":"63","author":"Calzetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.55.2007.2.4","article-title":"Effects of tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthesia on plasma antioxidative status and some haematological parameters in sheep","volume":"55","author":"Ceylan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.12.011","article-title":"Modeling the dynamical effects of anesthesia on brain circuits","volume":"25","author":"Ching","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib9","first-page":"901","article-title":"Ketamine-based total intravenous anesthesia versus isoflurane anesthesia in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock","volume":"65","author":"Englehart","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2006.05.019","article-title":"Autonomic activity during dexmedetomidine or fentanyl infusion with desflurane anesthesia","volume":"19","author":"Feld","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2005.05.009","article-title":"Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery","volume":"18","author":"Feld","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(92)90006-S","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, in the isolated heart","volume":"6","author":"Flacke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib13","first-page":"F317","article-title":"Mechanism of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced diuresis","volume":"255","author":"Gellai","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12575-009-9018-8","article-title":"Change in hemoglobin levels due to anesthesia in mice: an important confounder in studies on hematopoietic drugs","volume":"11","author":"Gothelf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Proced Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00225.x","article-title":"Castration of piglets: the analgesic effects of intratesticular and intrafunicular lidocaine injection","volume":"32","author":"Haga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.11.010","article-title":"Effects of isoflurane upon minimum alveolar concentration and cerebral cortex depression in pigs and goats: an interspecies comparison","volume":"187","author":"Haga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib17","first-page":"R293","article-title":"Splenic red cell sequestration and blood volume measurements in conscious pigs","volume":"248","author":"Hannon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199006000-00010","article-title":"Ketamine in hypovolemic dogs","volume":"18","author":"Haskins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3182a3cd74","article-title":"Combined hemorrhage\/trauma models in pigs-current state and future perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200209000-00012","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system responses during sedative infusions of dexmedetomidine","volume":"97","author":"Hogue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199011000-00020","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine on contractility, relaxation, and intracellular calcium transients of isolated ventricular myocardium","volume":"73","author":"Housmans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12218","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs","volume":"42","author":"Kennedy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000280483.17854.56","article-title":"Neurons in the ventral spinal cord are more depressed by isoflurane, halothane, and propofol than are neurons in the dorsal spinal cord","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib24","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Ketamine: teaching an old drug new tricks","volume":"87","author":"Kohrs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg259","article-title":"Comparison of isoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia in a swine model of asphyxia","volume":"91","author":"Kurita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00713.x","article-title":"The influence of a continuous rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation during isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs","volume":"39","author":"Lervik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.08.018","article-title":"Effect of ketamine on the limb withdrawal reflex evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation in ponies anaesthetised with isoflurane","volume":"186","author":"Levionnois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198305000-00008","article-title":"Systemic distribution of blood flow in swine while awake and during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane anesthesia with or without 50% nitrous oxide","volume":"62","author":"Lundeen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2007.006048","article-title":"Changes in minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane following treatment with medetomidine and tiletamine\/zolazepam, epidural morphine or systemic buprenorphine in pigs","volume":"42","author":"Malavasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12171","article-title":"Comparison of propofol with ketofol, a propofol-ketamine admixture, for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs","volume":"41","author":"Martinez-Taboada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199509000-00012","article-title":"Effect of fentanyl on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in swine","volume":"83","author":"Moon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00233.x","article-title":"Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine: a review of cardiovascular effects and antinociceptive properties in the dog","volume":"32","author":"Murrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.687","article-title":"Comparison of sedative and analgesic\/anesthetic effects induced by medetomidine, acepromazine, azaperone, droperidol and midazolam in laboratory pigs","volume":"55","author":"Nishimura","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000277488.47328.f5","article-title":"Deep sedation with dexmedetomidine in a porcine model does not compromise the viability of free microvascular flap as depicted by microdialysis and tissue oxygen tension","volume":"105","author":"Nunes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00236.x","article-title":"Changes in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane and some cardiopulmonary measurements during three continuous infusion rates of dexmedetomidine in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Pascoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12157","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine administered as a constant rate infusion in horses","volume":"38","author":"Ranheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197801000-00007","article-title":"Central vagal control of fentanyl-induced bradycardia during halothane anesthesia","volume":"57","author":"Reitan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.007","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of three escalating dexmedetomidine and lignocaine constant rate infusions in conscious horses","volume":"202","author":"Risberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.04.529","article-title":"Anesthesia induced in pigs by use of a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine and its reversal by administration of atipamezole","volume":"57","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.59.199","article-title":"Evaluation of the hypnotic and hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine on propofol-sedated swine","volume":"59","author":"Sano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2008.0080026","article-title":"Haemodynamic changes and stress responses of piglets to surgery during total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl","volume":"43","author":"Schoffmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318250cdb8","article-title":"Ketamine\/propofol admixture (ketofol) is associated with improved hemodynamics as an induction agent: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Smischney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.04.018","article-title":"Concentration-dependent isoflurane effects on withdrawal reflexes in pigs and the role of the stimulation paradigm","volume":"194","author":"Spadavecchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.5.762","article-title":"Evaluation of administration of isoflurane at approximately the minimum alveolar concentration on depression of a nociceptive withdrawal reflex evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation in ponies","volume":"67","author":"Spadavecchia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib45","first-page":"215","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, and the antagonist atipamezole in isoflurane-anesthetized swine","volume":"46","author":"Tendillo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199905000-00010","article-title":"Comparative analysis of systemic and coronary hemodynamics during sevoflurane- and isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Tomiyasu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197150050-00010","article-title":"The effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade on the cardiopulmonary response to ketamine","volume":"50","author":"Traber","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.170688","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine induces both relaxations and contractions, via different alpha-2-adrenoceptor subtypes, in the isolated mesenteric artery and aorta of the rat","volume":"335","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2006.11.005","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine produces dual alpha2-adrenergic agonist and alpha1-adrenergic antagonist actions on human isolated internal mammary artery","volume":"21","author":"Yildiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298717304087?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298717304087?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T12:55:10Z","timestamp":1719665710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1467298717304087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1467298717304087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-2987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-2987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}