{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:59:00Z","timestamp":1778000340341,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["vaajournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:41:39Z","timestamp":1569584499000},"page":"111-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of neuraxial morphine on postoperative pain in dogs after extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Dancker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"MacFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2016.03.003","article-title":"What is the evidence? The issue of verifying correct needle position during epidural anaesthesia in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Adami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00691.x","article-title":"Portal Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"25","author":"Buob","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12105","article-title":"Evaluation of analgesic and physiologic effects of epidural morphine administered at a thoracic or lumbar level in dogs undergoing thoracotomy","volume":"41","author":"Carregaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0534","article-title":"Pain management in the cirrhotic patient: the clinical challenge","volume":"85","author":"Chandok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00432.x","article-title":"Liver size, bodyweight, and tolerance to acute complete occlusion of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Doran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib6","first-page":"852","article-title":"The action of intrathecal morphine and methadone on the lower urinary tract in the dog","volume":"135","author":"Drenger","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14698","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of injectable robenacoxib for the treatment of pain associated with soft tissue surgery in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Friton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463714525140","article-title":"Epidural analgesia provides effective pain relief in patients undergoing open liver surgery","volume":"9","author":"Ganapathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.5.527","article-title":"Long-term survival and quality of life in dogs with clinical signs associated with a congenital portosystemic shunt after surgical or medical treatment","volume":"245","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00786.x","article-title":"Pain Induced by a Minor Medical Procedure (Bone Marrow Aspiration) in Dogs: Comparison of Pain Scales in a Pilot Study","volume":"25","author":"Guillot","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00786.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous pre-anaesthetic medication with acepromazine\u2013buprenorphine is effective as and less painful than the intramuscular route","volume":"50","author":"Gurney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib12","first-page":"650","article-title":"Postoperative urinary retention in a dog following morphine with bupivacaine epidural analgesia","volume":"39","author":"Herperger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00476.x","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of methadone in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Ingvast-Larsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.11.1260","article-title":"Recognizing, describing, and managing reduced food intake in dogs and cats","volume":"251","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2000.0528","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in the dog and cat","volume":"161","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623752","article-title":"Incidence of delayed hair re-growth, pruritus, and urinary retention after epidural anaesthesia in dogs","volume":"42","author":"Kalchofner Guerrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12130","article-title":"Thromboelastographic evaluation of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts","volume":"27","author":"Kelley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.7.1103","article-title":"Evaluation of epidural administration of morphine or morphine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after premedication with an opioid analgesic and orthopedic surgery in dogs","volume":"229","author":"Kona-Boun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00076.x","article-title":"Myoclonus and urinary retention following subarachnoid morphine injection in a dog","volume":"30","author":"Kona-Boun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00745.x","article-title":"Coagulation profiles in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts before and after surgical attenuation","volume":"20","author":"Kummeling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774515602688","article-title":"Fallacies of last observation carried forward analyses","volume":"13","author":"Lachin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.11.956","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effects of epidural administration of neostigmine alone or in combination with morphine in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery of the pelvic limbs","volume":"75","author":"Marucio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00290.x","article-title":"The effect of body position on the hanging drop; method for identifying the extradural space in anaesthetized dogs","volume":"34","author":"Naganobu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01827.x","article-title":"Anatomy of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs as determined by computed tomography angiography","volume":"52","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.17853","article-title":"Hemostatic profiles in 39 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts","volume":"30","author":"Niles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.8.940","article-title":"Effect of epidural analgesia with opioids on the prevalence of urinary retention in dogs undergoing surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"244","author":"Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib27","first-page":"21","article-title":"Efficacy of epidural morphine versus intravenous morphine for post-thoractotomy pain in dogs","volume":"20","author":"Popilskis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.05.009","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in dogs with hepatic disease","volume":"185","author":"Prins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"S","key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S096272860003178X","article-title":"Development of the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score","volume":"16","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03006849","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of intravenous methadone anaesthesia in dogs","volume":"27","author":"Stanley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Canad Anaesth Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00068","article-title":"An update on drugs used for lumbosacral epidural anesthesia and analgesia in dogs","volume":"4","author":"Steagall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03150.x","article-title":"Neurological dysfunction in dogs following attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts","volume":"41","author":"Tisdall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01144.x","article-title":"Treatment of extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs \u2013 what is the evidence base?","volume":"53","author":"Tivers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1636","article-title":"Association of breed with the diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 2,400 cases (1980-2002)","volume":"223","author":"Tobias","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.666","article-title":"Results of preemptive epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing surgery: 265 cases (1997-1999)","volume":"221","author":"Troncy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.004","article-title":"Epidural analgesia and anesthesia in dogs and cats","volume":"38","author":"Valverde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1992.tb00991.x","article-title":"Cisternal CSF and serum concentrations of morphine following epidural administration in the dog","volume":"15","author":"Valverde","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005412","article-title":"Epidural morphine reduces halothane MAC in the dog","volume":"36","author":"Valverde","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00761.x","article-title":"The effect of clinical hepatic disease on the distribution and elimination of pethidine administered post-operatively to dogs","volume":"13","author":"Waterman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5326\/0390169","article-title":"Portosystemic shunts: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of 64 cases (1993\u20132001)","volume":"39","author":"Winkler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Anim Hosp Assoc"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298719302454?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298719302454?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1761447452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1467298719302454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1467298719302454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-2987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-2987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of neuraxial morphine on postoperative pain in dogs after extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}