{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1791378099907,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:48:14Z","timestamp":1777942094000},"page":"101251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of cardiac effects of a medetomidine-vatinoxan and methadone combination in healthy dogs: radiographic and echocardiographic assessment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Lambertini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Guttadauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mazzoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2582-7","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiographic indices of right ventricular systolic function and ejection fraction obtained with continuous thermodilution in critically ill patients","volume":"23","author":"Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12292","article-title":"Effects of MK-467 on the antinociceptive and sedative actions and pharmacokinetics of medetomidine in dogs","volume":"39","author":"Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib3","series-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","first-page":"153","article-title":"Evaluation of Size, Function, and Hemodynamics","author":"Boon","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib4","series-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","first-page":"359","article-title":"Myocardial Diseases","author":"Boon","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2020.02.004","article-title":"Comparison of fluoroscopic cardiovascular measurements from healthy dogs obtained at end-diastole and end-systole","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs","volume":"206","author":"Buchanan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.953","article-title":"Use of quantitative two-dimensional color tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of left ventricular radial and longitudinal myocardial velocities in dogs","volume":"66","author":"Chetboul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2011.11.005","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of canine degenerative mitral valve disease","volume":"14","author":"Chetboul","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"Cornell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12312","article-title":"Agreement between two oscillometric blood pressure technologies and invasively measured arterial pressure in the dog","volume":"43","author":"da Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01343.x","article-title":"The effects of medetomidine on cardiac contractility in autonomically blocked dogs","volume":"24","author":"de Morais","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.6.728","article-title":"Effects of a peripheral alpha2 adrenergic-receptor antagonist on the hemodynamic changes induced by medetomidine administration in conscious dogs","volume":"69","author":"Enouri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.09.014","article-title":"Conventional and advanced echocardiographic assessment of systolic function in dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine or acepromazine","volume":"141","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Parra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199010000-00013","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, in autonomically denervated dogs","volume":"16","author":"Flacke","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(92)90006-S","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, in the isolated heart","volume":"6","author":"Flacke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7055","article-title":"2020 AAHA anesthesia and monitoring guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"56","author":"Grubb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2023.05.004","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiovascular effects of intramuscular medetomidine and a medetomidine-vatinoxan combination in Beagle dogs: a randomized blinded crossover laboratory study","volume":"50","author":"Joerger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.08.007","article-title":"Peripherally acting \u03b1-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 with intramuscular medetomidine and butorphanol in dogs: a prospective, randomised, clinical trial","volume":"240","author":"Kallio-Kujala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15488","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Keene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.08.008","article-title":"Sedative and echocardiographic effects of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol in healthy dogs","volume":"17","author":"Kellihan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.04.041","article-title":"Right ventricular systolic function is not the sole determinant of tricuspid annular motion","volume":"98","author":"L\u00f3pez-Candales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12086","article-title":"Electrocardiographic evaluation and degree of sedation with three doses of methadone in healthy dogs","volume":"41","author":"Menegheti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00539.x","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of medetomidine in the dog: a dose titration study","volume":"27","author":"Pypendop","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09962.x","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of medetomidine and xylazine in dogs","volume":"73","author":"Rand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2016.04.006","article-title":"Plasma concentration and cardiovascular effects of intramuscular medetomidine combined with three doses of the peripheral alpha2-antagonist MK-467 in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Restitutti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02252.x","article-title":"Evaluation of four 2-dimensional echocardiographic methods of assessing left atrial size in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Rishniw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70003-0","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of pulmonary regurgitation in normal adult dogs","volume":"2","author":"Rishniw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2022.08.002","article-title":"Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study","volume":"49","author":"Salla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00555.x","article-title":"Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine administered to cats via oral transmucosal or intramuscular routes","volume":"37","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.03.022","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of medetomidine, acepromazine and their combination in healthy dogs","volume":"95","author":"Saponaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0286-7","article-title":"Simple prediction of right ventricular ejection fraction using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0592.x","article-title":"Detection of congestive heart failure in dogs by Doppler echocardiography","volume":"24","author":"Schober","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.003145","article-title":"The Frank-Starling mechanism in vertebrate cardiac myocytes","volume":"211","author":"Shiels","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01015.x","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat","volume":"7","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00344.x","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in canine surgical patients","volume":"35","author":"Uilenreef","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2024.04.003","article-title":"The impact of intravenous medetomidine and vatinoxan on echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with stage B1 mitral valve disease","volume":"54","author":"V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.04.001","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in conscious healthy dogs following a single dose of pimobendan versus atenolol","volume":"17","author":"Visser","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12305","article-title":"Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on cardiac characteristics measured using radiography and echocardiography in six healthy dogs","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Radiology Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15984","article-title":"Utility of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion normalized by right ventricular size indices in dogs with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Yuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298726000656?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467298726000656?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:11:09Z","timestamp":1788563469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1467298726000656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1467298726000656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-2987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-2987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of cardiac effects of a medetomidine-vatinoxan and methadone combination in healthy dogs: radiographic and echocardiographic assessment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaa.2026.101251","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101251"}}