{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:05:14Z","timestamp":1784779514658,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,21]],"date-time":"2011-04-21T19:10:45Z","timestamp":1303413045000},"page":"6113-6124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The cost-effectiveness of a modestly effective HIV vaccine in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Elisa F.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas K.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0005","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2010 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic; 2010."},{"issue":"July (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0010","first-page":"e7","article-title":"The renaissance in HIV vaccine development \u2013 future directions","volume":"363","author":"Wayne","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"December (23)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908492","article-title":"Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand","volume":"361","author":"Rerks-Ngarm","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"August (5993)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187659","article-title":"Rational design of envelope identifies broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1","volume":"329","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"August (5993)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192819","article-title":"Structural basis for broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 by antibody VRC01","volume":"329","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.063","article-title":"Potential population health outcomes and expenditures of HIV vaccination strategies in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31812506fd","article-title":"Predicting the impact of a partially effective HIV vaccine and subsequent risk behavior change on the heterosexual HIV epidemic in low-and middle-income countries: a South African example","volume":"46","author":"Andersson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0040","series-title":"Operations research and health care: a handbook of methods and applications","first-page":"403","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of partially effective HIV vaccines","author":"Owens","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0045","series-title":"Quantitative evaluation of HIV prevention programs","first-page":"143","article-title":"Costs and benefits of imperfect HIV vaccines: Implications for vaccine development and use","author":"Owens","year":"2001"},{"issue":"June (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199809000-00014","article-title":"Population effects of preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines in early- and late-stage epidemics","volume":"12","author":"Owens","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.28.3.144","article-title":"A dynamic HIV-transmission model for evaluating the costs and benefits of vaccine programs","volume":"28","author":"Edwards","year":"1998","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-00004","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness and population outcomes of expanded HIV screening and antiretroviral treatment in the United States","volume":"153","author":"Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"November (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.17.1497","article-title":"Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on time to AIDS and death in men with known HIV infection duration. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators","volume":"280","author":"Detels","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"May (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.275.17.1329","article-title":"Survival from early, intermediate, and late stages of HIV infection","volume":"275","author":"Enger","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"June (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00003","article-title":"Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection","volume":"126","author":"Mellors","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"June (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200106150-00006","article-title":"Differences in HIV disease progression by injection drug use and by sex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Poundstone","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"July (14)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.154.14.1561","article-title":"CD4+ T-lymphocyte measures in the treatment of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. A review for clinical practitioners","volume":"154","author":"Turner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"March (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441108","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV disease","volume":"344","author":"Freedberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"April\u2013June (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9301300202","article-title":"The Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study: initial catalog of health-state quality factors","volume":"13","author":"Fryback","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"September (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199709010-00009","article-title":"Updates of cost of illness and quality of life estimates for use in economic evaluations of HIV prevention programs","volume":"16","author":"Holtgrave","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"issue":"February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-8485-x","article-title":"The effect of diagnosis with HIV infection on health-related quality of life","volume":"15","author":"Honiden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0202200103","article-title":"Comparison of health state utilities using community and patient preference weights derived from a survey of patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"22","author":"Schackman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"November\u2013December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X02238300","article-title":"A meta-analysis of utility estimates for HIV\/AIDS","volume":"22","author":"Tengs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"February (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa042657","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"352","author":"Sanders","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"November (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328010c7d0","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to expand antiretroviral therapy in St. Petersburg, Russia","volume":"20","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.7.1100","article-title":"HIV transmission and the cost-effectiveness of methadone maintenance","volume":"90","author":"Zaric","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0135","series-title":"Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine","year":"1996"},{"issue":"September (RR-14)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings","volume":"55","author":"Branson","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"January (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00300","article-title":"Screening for HIV in health care settings: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association","volume":"150","author":"Qaseem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0150","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Report, Volume 19. 2007 [cited January 10, 2011]; Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/surveillance\/resources\/reports\/2007report\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.5.520","article-title":"Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States","volume":"300","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0160","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic; 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0165","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Estimates of New HIV Infections in the United States. 2008 [cited January 10, 2011]; Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/topics\/surveillance\/resources\/factsheets\/incidence.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0170","unstructured":"CensusScope. United States Age Distribution. 2000 [cited January 10, 2011]; Available from: http:\/\/www.censusscope.org\/us\/chart_age.html."},{"issue":"March (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg137","article-title":"Gender differences in sexual and injection risk behavior among active young injection drug users in San Francisco (the UFO Study)","volume":"80","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"September (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jth125","article-title":"Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degrees of service provision for injecting drug users","volume":"81","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0185","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV and AIDS among Gay and Bisexual Men. 2010 [cited January 10, 2011]; Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/docs\/FastFacts-MSM-FINAL508COMP.pdf."},{"issue":"August (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199808000-00006","article-title":"Sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men. Associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use","volume":"25","author":"Rietmeijer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0195","article-title":"United States life tables, 2005","volume":"58","author":"Arias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"April (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000194234.31078.bf","article-title":"Potential impact of antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 transmission and AIDS mortality in resource-limited settings","volume":"41","author":"Abbas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199604010-00010","article-title":"Probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV: relationship to the number of unprotected sexual contacts. European Study Group in Heterosexual Transmission of HIV","volume":"11","author":"Downs","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1086\/590501","article-title":"HIV-1 transmission, by stage of infection","volume":"198","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0215","first-page":"55","article-title":"Modeling HIV infectivity: must sex acts be counted?","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199601001-00011","article-title":"Probabilities of sexual HIV-1 transmission","volume":"10","author":"Mastro","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199411000-00003","article-title":"The efficiency of male-to-female and female-to-male sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus: a study of 730 stable couples. Italian Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission","volume":"5","author":"Nicolosi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009276","article-title":"Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern California: results from a ten-year study","volume":"146","author":"Padian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"March (13)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421303","article-title":"Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group","volume":"342","author":"Quinn","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1086\/429411","article-title":"Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"191","author":"Wawer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199408000-00004","article-title":"Male homosexual transmission of HIV-1","volume":"8","author":"Caceres","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0250","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Role of the primary infection in epidemics of HIV infection in gay cohorts","volume":"7","author":"Jacquez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010003","article-title":"Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners","volume":"150","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"April (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200404150-00011","article-title":"Associations of race\/ethnicity with HIV prevalence and HIV-related behaviors among young men who have sex with men in 7 urban centers in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Harawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"August (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238410.67700.d1","article-title":"exposures from young men who have sex with men who disclose being HIV-negative","volume":"20","author":"MacKellar","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"September (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00005","article-title":"Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: a population-based survey of New York City men","volume":"145","author":"Pathela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"March (1 Suppl 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i43","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti023","article-title":"HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men and inject drugs in San Francisco","volume":"82","author":"Kral","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"April (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0280","first-page":"894","article-title":"Risk factors for elevated HIV incidence rates among female injection drug users in Vancouver","volume":"166","author":"Spittal","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"April (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000204914.91923.ad","article-title":"Commercial sex work and risk of HIV infection among young drug-injecting men who have sex with men in San Francisco","volume":"33","author":"Bacon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis JO, Smith TW. General Social Surveys (GSS), 1972\u20132008. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center; 2009.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR25962"},{"issue":"June (384)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0295","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug use and sexual behaviors reported by adults: United States, 1999\u20132002","volume":"28","author":"Fryar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"issue":"December (9296)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06886-6","article-title":"Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"358","author":"Fenton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.5.296","article-title":"Highlights of the sexual activity of the heterosexual population in the province of Quebec","volume":"75","author":"Brisson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"April (78 Suppl 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i170","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.suppl_1.i170","article-title":"Risky sexual behaviours among injection drugs users with high HIV prevalence: implications for STD control","author":"Tyndall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"December (9296)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06883-0","article-title":"Sexual behaviour in Britain: partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours","volume":"358","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0320","first-page":"CD003362","article-title":"Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men","volume":"2","author":"Siegfried","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020298","article-title":"Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial","volume":"2","author":"Auvert","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-3-19","article-title":"The role of sexually transmitted infections in male circumcision effectiveness against HIV \u2013 insights from clinical trial simulation","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Themes Epidemiol"},{"issue":"November (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.5.1927808","article-title":"AIDS risk and risk reduction in the radiology department","volume":"157","author":"Wall","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0340","first-page":"1116","article-title":"A model-based estimate of HIV infectivity via needle sharing","volume":"5","author":"Kaplan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804003504","article-title":"Severe illness and death among injecting drug users in Scotland: a case-control study","volume":"133","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1021","article-title":"Efficient allocation of resources to prevent HIV infection among injection drug users: the Prevention Point Philadelphia (PPP) needle exchange program","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"June (5371)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5371.1889","article-title":"The NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial: reducing HIV sexual risk behavior","volume":"280","author":"The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"October (13)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.13.1161","article-title":"Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. Project RESPECT Study Group","volume":"280","author":"Kamb","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.12.1586","article-title":"Behavior changes after notification of HIV infection","volume":"81","author":"Cleary","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"November (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.266.17.2419","article-title":"Evidence for the effects of HIV antibody counseling and testing on risk behaviors","volume":"266","author":"Higgins","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0375","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC's HIV Prevention Progress in the United States. 2010 [cited August 1, 2010]; Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/resources\/factsheets\/PDF\/cdcprev.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0380","series-title":"12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections","article-title":"Estimated Number of HIV-infected Persons Eligible for and Receiving HIV Antiretroviral Therapy, 2003 \u2013 United States","author":"Teshale","year":"2005"},{"issue":"November (9652)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61753-5","article-title":"HIV transmission under highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"372","author":"Vernazza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"September (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000157389.78374.45","article-title":"Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV","volume":"40","author":"Castilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401020-00010","article-title":"Decline in HIV infectivity following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"18","author":"Porco","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"January (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001280-00006","article-title":"Potent antiretroviral treatment of HIV-infection results in suppression of the seminal shedding of HIV. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Vernazza","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"December (25)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812173392502","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the semen of men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"339","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"July (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.2.191","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs. stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial","volume":"292","author":"Gallant","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0415","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell H. The United States Circumcision Century. 2001 [cited January 10, 2011]; Available from: http:\/\/www.boystoo.com\/history\/statistics.htm."},{"issue":"March (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441107","article-title":"Expenditures for the care of HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"344","author":"Bozzette","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228021.89490.2a","article-title":"The lifetime cost of current human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States","volume":"44","author":"Schackman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"December (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000243090.32866.4e","article-title":"The economic burden of HIV in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: evidence of continuing racial and ethnic differences","volume":"43","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0435","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory. 2009 [cited August 1, 2010]; Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/en\/."},{"issue":"February (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa042088","article-title":"Expanded screening for HIV in the United States \u2013 an analysis of cost-effectiveness","volume":"352","author":"Paltiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0445","unstructured":"Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services. Medicaid Fee Schedule; 2009."},{"issue":"December (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00004","article-title":"Expanded HIV screening in the United States: effect on clinical outcomes, HIV transmission, and costs","volume":"145","author":"Paltiel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X11005238?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X11005238?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:30:24Z","timestamp":1637541024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X11005238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X11005238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}