{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:56:21Z","timestamp":1793368581791,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["1U03AI06198801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U03AI06198801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T13:56:13Z","timestamp":1311256573000},"page":"6606-6613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Chimeric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S glycoprotein and influenza matrix 1 efficiently form virus-like particles (VLPs) that protect mice against challenge with SARS-CoV"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ye V.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Massare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margret","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gale","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.01.021","article-title":"Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease","volume":"133","author":"Enjuanes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/sars\/country\/table2004_04_21\/en\/."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02146.x","article-title":"Controlling SARS: a review on China's response compared with other SARS-affected countries","volume":"14","author":"Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02210.x","article-title":"The economic impact of SARS in Beijing, China","volume":"14","author":"Beutels","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0025","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Chan-Yeung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","article-title":"Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Drosten","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(06)66005-3","article-title":"The molecular biology of coronaviruses","volume":"66","author":"Masters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"6965","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus","volume":"426","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.02.006","article-title":"Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401939101","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice","volume":"101","author":"Bisht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6982","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02463","article-title":"A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice","volume":"428","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.055","article-title":"Utility of the aged BALB\/c mouse model to demonstrate prevention and control strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)","volume":"25","author":"Vogel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.08.010","article-title":"Vaccination of mice with recombinant baculovirus expressing spike or nucleocapsid protein of SARS-like coronavirus generates humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"45","author":"Bai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0612-5","article-title":"Identification of SARS-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros) in Slovenia","volume":"155","author":"Rihtaric","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"November (Suppl. 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.016","article-title":"Update on SARS research and other possibly zoonotic coronaviruses","volume":"36","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5643","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087139","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China","volume":"302","author":"Guan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0085","unstructured":"World Health Organization. China's latest SARS outbreak has been contained, but biosafety concerns remain-Update 7, 18 May 2004. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2004_05_18a\/en\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0090","unstructured":"NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens. http:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/topics\/biodefenserelated\/biodefense\/research\/pages\/cata.aspx."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.055","article-title":"A double-inactivated whole virus candidate SARS coronavirus vaccine stimulates neutralising and protective antibody responses","volume":"24","author":"Spruth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5660","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.303.5660.944","article-title":"Medicine. Caution urged on SARS vaccines","volume":"303","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.06.038","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.026","article-title":"A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.01.042","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody and protective immunity to SARS coronavirus infection of mice induced by a soluble recombinant polypeptide containing an N-terminal segment of the spike glycoprotein","volume":"334","author":"Bisht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.01.059","article-title":"A recombinant baculovirus-expressed S glycoprotein vaccine elicits high titers of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) neutralizing antibodies in mice","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.4.1.5559","article-title":"Virus-like particles as a vaccine delivery system: myths and facts","volume":"4","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Vaccine"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13848","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.13848-13855.2005","article-title":"Assembly of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA packaging signal into virus-like particles is nucleocapsid dependent","volume":"79","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12557","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.22.12557-12565.2004","article-title":"Generation of synthetic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pseudoparticles: implications for assembly and vaccine production","volume":"78","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.09.009","article-title":"Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus-like particles by a heterologous expression system","volume":"576","author":"Mortola","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.111","article-title":"Assembly of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like particles","volume":"318","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02676.x","article-title":"Immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induced by virus-like particles in mice","volume":"122","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002685","article-title":"Virus-like particles of SARS-like coronavirus formed by membrane proteins from different origins demonstrate stimulating activity in human dendritic cells","volume":"3","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.092","article-title":"Chimeric coronavirus-like particles carrying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S protein protect mice against challenge with SCoV","volume":"26","author":"Lokugamage","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.43","article-title":"SARS vaccines: where are we?","volume":"8","author":"Roper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001501","article-title":"Cross-clade protective immune responses to influenza viruses with H5N1 HA and NA elicited by an influenza virus-like particle","volume":"3","author":"Bright","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.044","article-title":"In vitro stimulation of human influenza-specific CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells pulsed with an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-1-2-175","article-title":"The morphology of three previously uncharacterized human respiratory viruses that grow in organ culture","volume":"2","author":"Almeida","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0185","first-page":"587","article-title":"Morphology and morphogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated virus","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0190","series-title":"SARS reference","first-page":"41","author":"Drosten","year":"2003"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.01.106","article-title":"Influenza virus-like particles elicit broader immune responses than whole virion inactivated influenza virus or recombinant hemagglutinin","volume":"25","author":"Bright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.093","article-title":"Recombinant H1N1 virus-like particle vaccine elicits protective immunity in ferrets against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"28","author":"Pushko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-8518-8-5","article-title":"Probing local innate immune responses after mucosal immunisation","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immune Based Ther Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1560","article-title":"Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways","volume":"203","author":"Ding","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141706","article-title":"The immunobiology of SARS","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.023","article-title":"A new mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV as a lethal model for evaluating antiviral agents in vitro and in vivo","volume":"395","author":"Day","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1060020205","article-title":"Localization of proteins on viral nucleocapsids using immunoelectron microscopy","volume":"2","author":"Murti","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Electron Microsc Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0235","first-page":"496","article-title":"Baculovirus surface display of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein and immunogenicity of the displayed protein in mice models","volume":"122","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03231.x","article-title":"Effect of mucosal and systemic immunization with virus-like particles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mice","volume":"130","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2007.10.013","article-title":"Virus-like particles\u2013universal molecular toolboxes","volume":"18","author":"Ludwig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2006.07.018","article-title":"Virus-like particles: passport to immune recognition","volume":"40","author":"Grgacic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0255","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mac\u00edas C, Ferat-Osorio E, Tenorio-Calvo A, Isibasi A, Talavera J, Arteaga-Ruiz O, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adults in Mexico. Vaccine, under review."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.06.017","article-title":"Intranasal protollin-formulated recombinant SARS S-protein elicits respiratory and serum neutralizing antibodies and protection in mice","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201001162","article-title":"Actin-based motility drives baculovirus transit to the nucleus and cell surface","volume":"190","author":"Ohkawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1101005X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1101005X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T08:00:57Z","timestamp":1543651257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X1101005X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X1101005X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}