{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:37:10Z","timestamp":1773873430775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health, USA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T19:08:09Z","timestamp":1361214489000},"page":"1970-1974","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A human IgG anti-Vi reference for Salmonella typhi with weight-based antibody units assigned"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shousun C.","family":"Szu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0005","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"50","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0010","first-page":"260","article-title":"A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for control","volume":"86","author":"Ochai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00447-06","article-title":"Randomized controlled comparison of ofloxacin, azithromycin, and an ofloxacin-azithromycin combination for treatment of multidrug-resistant and nalidixic acid-resistant typhoid fever","volume":"51","author":"Parry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09001-1","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children ages less than 5 years","volume":"354","author":"Sinha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040422","article-title":"Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.706","article-title":"Geographical distribution and risk factors associated with enteric diseases in Vietnam","volume":"76","author":"Kelly-Hope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01860.x","article-title":"Typhoid carriers among patients with gallstones are at increased risk for carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"97","author":"Dutta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00186-5","article-title":"Immunogenicity, efficacy and serological correlate of protection of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine three years after immunization","volume":"14","author":"Klugman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710293171801","article-title":"Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi: a preliminary report one year after immunization","volume":"317","author":"Acharya","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0050","first-page":"625","article-title":"Efficacy trial of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever in south-western China","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0055","unstructured":"Requirements for Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 1994; No. 840."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan MI, Soofi SB, Ochiai RL, Habib MA, Sahito SM, Nizami SQ, et al. Effectiveness of Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vccine among children: a cluster randomized trial in Karachi, Pakistan. Vaccine 2012 (June 15, in print).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4440","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.10.4440-4444.1994","article-title":"Laboratory and preliminary clinical characterization of Vi capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines","volume":"62","author":"Szu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5806-5810.1999","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of Vi conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever in adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4-year-old children in Vietnam","volume":"67","author":"Kossaczka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104263441701","article-title":"The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children","volume":"344","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200310023491423","article-title":"Persistent efficacy of Vi conjugates against typhoid fever in young children","volume":"349","author":"Lanh","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00532-10","article-title":"The Vi conjugate typhoid vaccine is safe, elicites protective levels of IgG anti-Vi, and is compatible with routine infant vaccines","volume":"18","author":"Thiem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025398","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity and dose ranging of a new Vi-CRM conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever: randomized clinical testing in healthy adults","volume":"6","author":"van Damme","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.022","article-title":"Vi-CRM 197 as a new conjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi","volume":"29","author":"Micoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00266-09","article-title":"The physical chemical characterization and immunologic properties of Salmonella ser. Typhi capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugates","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0105","unstructured":"Guide book on immunization, Individual Vaccines. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Vaccine. 2009; Chapter 11, pp. 56\u20138"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02439.x","article-title":"Development of an anti-Salmonella typhi Vi ELISA: assessment of immunocompetence in healthy donors","volume":"136","author":"Ferry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00245-09","article-title":"Kinetics of the natural, humoral immune response to Salmonella enterica serovar typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"16","author":"Pulickal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00354-09","article-title":"Development of a bead immunoassay to measure Vi polysaccharide-specific serum IgG after vaccination with the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Vi polysaccharide","volume":"17","author":"Staats","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106801","article-title":"Quantitative determination of the human immune response to immunization with meningococcal vaccines","volume":"51","author":"Gotschlich","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197303000-00001","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of the \u201cnatural\u201d and immunization-induced Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Robbins","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.11.6.1064-1069.2004","article-title":"Assignment of weight-based antibody units for 13 serotypes to a human antipneumococcal standard reference serum, Lot 89-S(F)","volume":"11","author":"Quataert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.2.2.132-137.1995","article-title":"Assignment of Neisseria meningitides serogroup A and C class-specific anticapsular antibody concentrations to the new standard reference serum CDC1992","volume":"2","author":"Holder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2009.10.009","article-title":"Alternative strategies in assuring blood safety: an overview","volume":"38","author":"Epstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0150","series-title":"Basic Methods in Antibody Production and Characterization","article-title":"Antibody purification methods","author":"Harkins","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(69)90285-9","article-title":"The isolation of IgG from mammalian sera with the aid of caprylic acid","volume":"134","author":"Steinbuch","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0160","unstructured":"Kabat and Mayer Experimental Immunochemistry. 2nd ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL; 1971. p. 72\u20135"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90101-2","article-title":"Protein measurement using bicinchoninic acid: elimination of interfering substances","volume":"180","author":"Brown","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2043-2050.2000","article-title":"An analytical model applied to a multicenter pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study","volume":"38","author":"Plikaytis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of community-based serologic screening for identification of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90401-4","article-title":"Vi serology in detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in an endemic area","volume":"1","author":"Lanata","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.18.6.1320-1322.1983","article-title":"Identification of a carrier by using Vi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology in an outbreak of typhoid fever on an Indian reservation","volume":"18","author":"Engleberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200105000-00010","article-title":"Typhoid fever in Bangladesh: implications for vaccination policy","volume":"20","author":"Saha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1300159X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1300159X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T12:30:03Z","timestamp":1595421003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X1300159X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X1300159X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}