{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:30:40Z","timestamp":1792657840924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T07:16:11Z","timestamp":1392275771000},"page":"1798-1807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Measles resurgence in southern Africa: Challenges to measles elimination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Messeret E.","family":"Shibeshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balcha G.","family":"Masresha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheilagh B.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Biellik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Muitherero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Shivute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oladapo","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsande","family":"Reggis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Goodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9557","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60107-X","article-title":"Has the 2005 measles mortality reduction goal been achieved?. A natural history modelling study","volume":"369","author":"Wolfson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0010","first-page":"27","article-title":"Global control and regional elimination of measles, 2000\u20132011","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0015","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global vaccine action plan 2011\u20132020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/global_vaccine_action_plan\/GVAP_doc_2011_2020\/en\/index.html [accessed September 25, 2013]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0020","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Resolution of the WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia. SEA\/RC66\/R5. Measles Elimination and Rubella\/Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control; 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530270064033","article-title":"Measles elimination in the Americas, evolving strategies","volume":"275","author":"de Quadros","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S270","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir166","article-title":"The Americas: paving the road toward global measles eradication","volume":"204","author":"Castillo-Solorzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S571","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir472","article-title":"Elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas","volume":"204","author":"Castillo-Solorzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0040","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Progress toward control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome\u2014worldwide, 2009","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.059","article-title":"Measles and rubella eradication in the Americas","volume":"29","author":"Andrus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9317","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08517-3","article-title":"First 5 years of measles elimination in southern Africa: 1996\u20132000","volume":"359","author":"Biellik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0055","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system 2013 global summary; 2013. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/immunization_monitoring\/globalsummary [accessed July 8, 2013]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0060","series-title":"Reducing global measles mortality","article-title":"World Health Assembly resolution WHA 56.20","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0065","unstructured":"World Health Organization and UNICEF. Measles mortality reduction and regional elimination: strategic plan 2001\u20132005. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization_delivery\/adc\/measles\/measles_strategic_plan.pdf [accessed July 8, 2013]."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0070","first-page":"490","article-title":"Monitoring progress towards measles elimination","volume":"85","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0075","first-page":"89","article-title":"Framework for verifying elimination of measles and rubella","volume":"88","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0080","first-page":"509","article-title":"Global reductions in measles mortality 2000\u20132008 and the risk of measles resurgence","volume":"84","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0085","unstructured":"World Health Organization African Regional Office, Resolution AFR\/RC61\/14. 61st Session of the WHO regional committee for Africa: Towards the elimination of measles in the African Region by 2020; 2011. http:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/en\/sixty-first-session.html [accessed March 1, 2013]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0090","series-title":"Technical guidelines integrated disease surveillance and response in the African region","first-page":"398","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0100","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Final report to the Ministry of Health-Malawi. Technical assistance for the 2009\u20132010 nationwide measles outbreak from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0105","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Namibia measles outbreak, 2009\u20132011. Report of epidemiologic investigation; 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0110","unstructured":"World Health Organization IST\/ESA. Retrospective documentation of measles outbreak & response in Malawi; 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0115","series-title":"Documentation of a Measles Outbreak in the Kingdom of Swaziland","author":"Kisakye","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0120","unstructured":"World Health Organization IST\/ESA. Retrospective documentation of measles outbreak & response in Lesotho; 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0125","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Measles outbreak in Botswana 2010. IST technical support mission; 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0130","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Measles outbreak in South Africa, key findings and recommendations. WHO\/IST technical support mission; 2009."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.120301","article-title":"Lessons and challenges for measles control from unexpected large outbreak in Malawi","volume":"19","author":"Minetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0140","first-page":"374","article-title":"Measles outbreaks and progress toward measles preelimination\u2014African region, 2009\u20132010","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.053819","article-title":"WHO and UNICEF estimates of national infant immunization coverage: methods and processes","volume":"87","author":"Burton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47806","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047806","article-title":"A formal representation of the WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage: a computational logic approach","volume":"7","author":"Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi001","article-title":"Migration as a risk factor for measles after a mass vaccination campaign Burkina Faso, 2002","volume":"34","author":"Yameogo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.058","article-title":"Research priorities for global measles and rubella control and eradication","volume":"30","author":"Goodson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a661","article-title":"Protective efficacy of standard Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccination in infants aged 4.5 months: interim analysis of a randomised clinical trial","volume":"337","author":"Martins","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000761","article-title":"The optimal age of measles immunisation in low-income countries: a secondary analysis of the assumptions underlying the current policy","volume":"2","author":"Aaby","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1086\/341248","article-title":"Prospective study of measles in hospitalized, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected children in Zambia","volume":"35","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1086\/522989","article-title":"The influence of HIV-1 exposure and infection on levels of passively acquired antibodies to measles virus in Zambian infants","volume":"45","author":"Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31545-5","article-title":"Immunity to measles in pregnant mothers and in cord blood of their infants: impact of HIV status and mother's place of birth","volume":"100","author":"Choudhury","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1086\/519169","article-title":"Immunogenicity of standard-titer measles vaccine in HIV-1-infected and uninfected Zambian children: an observational study","volume":"196","author":"Moss","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0195","first-page":"349","article-title":"Measles vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"84","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.110726","article-title":"Identifying high-risk areas for sporadic measles outbreaks: lessons from South Africa","volume":"91","author":"Sartorius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0205","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination","volume":"83","author":"Helfand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0210","first-page":"314","article-title":"Measles outbreak in South Africa, 2003\u20132005","volume":"99","author":"McMorrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0215","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Measles SIAs Field Guide; 2006."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir129","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of measles in Africa","volume":"204","author":"Goodson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0225","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Implementing the Reaching Every District (RED) Approach: A Guide for District Health Management Teams; August 2008. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization_delivery\/systems_policy\/AFRO-RED-guide_2008.pdf [accessed July 8, 2013]."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir108","article-title":"Rubella epidemiology in Africa in the prevaccine era, 2002\u20132009","volume":"204","author":"Goodson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089_bib0235","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012\u20132020; 2012. http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/newsroom\/Measles_Rubella_StrategicPlan_2012_2020.pdf [accessed March 7, 2013]."}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X14001522?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X14001522?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T13:54:56Z","timestamp":1538834096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X14001522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X14001522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718278965.793542806","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Measles resurgence in southern Africa: Challenges to measles elimination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}