{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:54:13Z","timestamp":1768776853527,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DP1DA034787-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP1DA034787-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T13:16:43Z","timestamp":1407503803000},"page":"5382-5389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Adjuvants for vaccines to drugs of abuse and addiction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Carl R.","family":"Alving","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary R.","family":"Matyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Jalah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"November (9904)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"February (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr318","article-title":"Mortality among young injection drug users in San Francisco: a 10-year follow-up of the UFO study","volume":"175","author":"Evans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"December (37 Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S338","DOI":"10.1086\/377556","article-title":"Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injection drug users in Argentina: high seroprevalence of HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Sosa-Est\u00e1ni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0020","series-title":"World Drug Report (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.12.XI.1)","author":"UNODC","year":"2012"},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2013.791278","article-title":"Can you vaccinate against substance abuse?","volume":"13","author":"Kosten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"issue":"October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-007-0049-z","article-title":"The future of vaccines in the management of addictive disorders","volume":"9","author":"Orson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"May\u2013June (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.17","article-title":"Anti-drug vaccines to treat substance abuse","volume":"87","author":"Kinsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3130","article-title":"Vaccines targeting drugs of abuse: is the glass half-empty or half-full?","volume":"12","author":"Janda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.281","article-title":"Vaccines against drug abuse","volume":"91","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0050","series-title":"The Specificity of Serological Reactions, revised","year":"1945"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0055","series-title":"Immunology","first-page":"65","article-title":"Antibodies","author":"Turner","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0060","series-title":"Fundamental immunology","first-page":"539","article-title":"Immunogenicity and antigen structure","author":"Berzofsky","year":"2013"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(69)90216-0","article-title":"Production and specificity of antibodies directed toward 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethylamine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine","volume":"18","author":"Van Vunakis","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"June (3937)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1126\/science.168.3937.1347","article-title":"Morphine: radioimmunoassay","volume":"168","author":"Spector","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"August (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28956-X","article-title":"Quantitative determination of morphine in serum by radioimmunoassay","volume":"178","author":"Spector","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.7.1483","article-title":"Specificity of the antibody receptor site to d-lysergamide: model of a physiological receptor for lysergic acid diethylamide","volume":"68","author":"Van Vunakis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29131-5","article-title":"Specificities of antibodies to morphine","volume":"180","author":"Van Vunakis","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"March (64)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio236093a0","article-title":"Spin immunoassay technique for determination of morphine","volume":"236","author":"Leute","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nat New Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5025","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00748a032","article-title":"Nicotine and its metabolites. Radioimmunoassays for nicotine and cotinine","volume":"November (12)","author":"Langone","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.2.243","article-title":"Evaluation of immunoassay methods for detection, in urine, of drugs subject to abuse","volume":"20","author":"Mul\u00e9","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0530","first-page":"197","article-title":"Preparation of immunogens","volume":"vol. I","author":"Chase","year":"1967"},{"issue":"June (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(93)90415-4","article-title":"Simple method for the preparation of antigen emulsions for immunization","volume":"162","author":"Moncada","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"June (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00062-6","article-title":"The immunological assay of drugs","volume":"29","author":"Butler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applications and recent developments of multianalyte simultaneous analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays","volume":"368","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"December (5485)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/252708a0","article-title":"Changes in heroin self-administration by a rhesus monkey after morphine immunisation","volume":"252","author":"Bonese","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"April (24 Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0130","first-page":"S2","article-title":"The use of oil adjuvants in therapeutic vaccines","volume":"2","author":"Aucouturier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-84","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of the vaccination for the patients with metastatic melanoma using gp100-derived epitope peptide restricted to HLA-A*2402","volume":"8","author":"Baba","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"May (20 Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00174-3","article-title":"Design and selection of vaccine adjuvants: animal models and human trials","volume":"3","author":"Alving","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.10.005","article-title":"The ABC of clinical and experimental adjuvants--a brief overview","volume":"128","author":"Brunner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420118-7.00014-7","article-title":"New directions in nicotine vaccine design and use","volume":"69","author":"Pentel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526285","article-title":"A therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: preclinical efficacy, and Phase I safety and immunogenicity","volume":"35","author":"Maurer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.317","article-title":"Immunogenicity and smoking-cessation outcomes for a novel nicotine immunotherapeutic","volume":"89","author":"Hatsukami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"September (41)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.038","article-title":"Vaccination protects rats from methamphetamine-induced impairment of behavioral responding for food","volume":"31","author":"R\u00fcedi-Bettschen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000067433","article-title":"Preclinical development of a vaccine \u2018against smoking\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Cerny","year":"2002","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"issue":"January (7-8)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00425-X","article-title":"Human therapeutic cocaine vaccine: safety and immunogenicity","volume":"20","author":"Kosten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002547","article-title":"A vaccine against nicotine for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Cornuz","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.128","article-title":"Cocaine vaccine for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial","volume":"66","author":"Martell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.031","article-title":"Cocaine-specific antibodies blunt the subjective effects of smoked cocaine in humans","volume":"67","author":"Haney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"November (21)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2010.1047.1051","article-title":"Safety of human therapeutic morphine vaccine employing Lohmann specific pathogen free eggs","volume":"13","author":"Farhangi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"May (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.03.021","article-title":"Enhancing immunogenicity of a 3\u2019aminomethylnicotine-DT-conjugate anti-nicotine vaccine with CpG adjuvant in mice and non-human primates","volume":"16","author":"McCluskie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(00)00019-9","article-title":"Generation of anti-(+)methamphetamine antibodies is not impeded by (+)methamphetamine administration during active immunization of rats","volume":"1","author":"Byrnes-Blake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.05.012","article-title":"A morphine conjugate vaccine attenuates the behavioral effects of morphine in rats","volume":"45","author":"Kosten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"April (16)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.01.047","article-title":"A novel bivalent morphine\/heroin vaccine that prevents relapse to heroin addiction in rodents","volume":"24","author":"Anton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"July (14)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5195","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200461m","article-title":"A vaccine strategy that induces protective immunity against heroin","volume":"54","author":"Stowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"May (22)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219159110","article-title":"Dynamic vaccine blocks relapse to compulsive intake of heroin","volume":"110","author":"Schlosburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"December (23)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10776","DOI":"10.1021\/jm301262z","article-title":"Investigating the effects of a hydrolytically stable hapten and a Th1 adjuvant on heroin vaccine performance","volume":"55","author":"Bremer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/mp400631w","article-title":"Injection route and TLR9 agonist addition significantly impact heroin vaccine efficacy","author":"Bremer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"February (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1021\/jm3013745","article-title":"Reduced antinociception of opioids in rats and mice by vaccination with immunogens containing oxycodone and hydrocodone haptens","volume":"56","author":"Pravetoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"June (31)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.101","article-title":"Co-administration of morphine and oxycodone vaccines reduces the distribution of 6-monoacetylmorphine and oxycodone to brain in rats","volume":"30","author":"Pravetoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.01.010","article-title":"Hapten-specific na\u00efve B cells are biomarkers of vaccine efficacy against drugs of abuse","volume":"405","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1021\/mp900213u","article-title":"A critical evaluation of a nicotine vaccine within a self-administration behavioral model","volume":"7","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"December (6558)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/378727a0","article-title":"Suppression of psychoactive effects of cocaine by active immunization","volume":"378","author":"Carrera","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"February (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1021\/ja400356g","article-title":"Modulating cocaine vaccine potency through hapten fluorination","volume":"135","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"May (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6587","DOI":"10.1021\/ja108807j","article-title":"Impact of distinct chemical structures for the development of a methamphetamine vaccine","volume":"133","author":"Moreno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"April (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.010","article-title":"A methamphetamine vaccine attenuates methamphetamine-induced disruptions in thermoregulation and activity in rats","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"February (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.12.048","article-title":"Enhancing nicotine vaccine immunogenicity with liposomes","volume":"23","author":"Lockner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1021\/bc500016k","article-title":"Investigating hapten clustering as a strategy to enhance vaccines against drugs of abuse","volume":"25","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06605-0","article-title":"Antibodies to morphine, barbiturates, and serotonin","volume":"25","author":"Spector","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1096-1129","article-title":"Efficacy of a therapeutic cocaine vaccine in rodent models","volume":"2","author":"Fox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(00)00042-4","article-title":"Vaccination against nicotine during continued nicotine administration in rats: immunogenicity of the vaccine and effects on nicotine distribution to brain","volume":"22","author":"Hieda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"May (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.02.004","article-title":"Vaccination against nicotine alters the distribution of nicotine delivered via cigarette smoke inhalation to rats","volume":"81","author":"Pravetoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.07.001","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of a bivalent nicotine vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Keyler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07502.x","article-title":"A morphine\/heroin vaccine with new hapten design attenuates behavioral effects in rats","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"June (26)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.027","article-title":"Liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A: a potent adjuvant system for inducing antibodies to heroin hapten analogs","volume":"31","author":"Matyas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.028","article-title":"Facial recognition of heroin vaccine opiates: Type 1 cross-reactivities of antibodies induced by hydrolytically stable haptenic surrogates of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine","volume":"32","author":"Matyas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00260-6","article-title":"Immunization to nicotine with a peptide-based vaccine composed of a conformationally biased agonist of C5a as a molecular adjuvant","volume":"3","author":"Sanderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0335","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2009\/09\/WC500003809.pdf, accessed 11 July 2014."},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2012.725718","article-title":"Glycoconjugate vaccines","volume":"13","author":"Pace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.05.005","article-title":"Carbohydrates and T cells: a sweet twosome","volume":"25","author":"Avci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1681","article-title":"The perfect mix: recent progress in adjuvant research","volume":"5","author":"Guy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.10.002","article-title":"Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work","volume":"33","author":"Coffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"June (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.03.008","article-title":"Adjuvants for human vaccines","volume":"24","author":"Alving","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"June (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1006\/immu.1994.1023","article-title":"Liposomes as carriers for vaccines","volume":"4","author":"Wassef","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunomethods"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.35","article-title":"Liposomes containing lipid A: an effective, safe, generic adjuvant system for synthetic vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Alving","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1021\/js990011u","article-title":"Oil-in-water liposomal emulsions: characterization and potential use in vaccine delivery","volume":"88","author":"Muderhwa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(03)73003-1","article-title":"Oil-in-water liposomal emulsions for vaccine delivery","volume":"373","author":"Matyas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"November (51)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.089","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and physical effects of oil composition in vaccine adjuvant emulsions","volume":"29","author":"Fox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0390","series-title":"Emulsions: Theory and Practice","author":"Becher","year":"1965"},{"issue":"June (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.04.004","article-title":"New adjuvants for human vaccines","volume":"22","author":"Mbow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"May (Suppl 3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00166-4","article-title":"Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective","volume":"20","author":"Baylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.10.005","article-title":"Liposomes and virosomes as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs","volume":"15","author":"Felnerova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.140","article-title":"The history of MF59(\u00ae) adjuvant: a phoenix that arose from the ashes","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Hagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.02.015","article-title":"New Th2 adjuvants for preventive and active immunotherapy of neurodegenerative proteinopathies","volume":"19","author":"Marciani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"March (16)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.001","article-title":"Demonstration of safety and enhanced seroprotection against hepatitis B with investigational HBsAg-1018 ISS vaccine compared to a licensed hepatitis B vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Sablan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0425","first-page":"1661","article-title":"The potential of 1018 ISS adjuvant in hepatitis B vaccines: HEPLISAV\u2122 review","volume":"9","author":"Eng NF1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0430","unstructured":"Dynavax hepatitis B vaccine information. http:\/\/www.dynavax.com\/hepatitis_bv.html, accessed 12.07.14."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/08982109809035525","article-title":"Emulsification of liposomes with incomplete Freund's adjuvant: stability of the liposomes and the emulsion","volume":"8","author":"Muderhwa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"issue":"March (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.12.049","article-title":"Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity trial of the Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage malaria vaccine AMA1-C1\/ISA 720 in Australian adults","volume":"28","author":"Pierce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0445","first-page":"281","article-title":"Surface chemistry and classification of vaccine adjuvants and vehicles","volume":"13","author":"Woodard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Biotechnol Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0450","series-title":"The theory and practical application of adjuvants","first-page":"287","article-title":"Ribi adjuvants: chemistry biology and utility in vaccines for human and veterinary medicine","author":"Rudbach","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0455","unstructured":"Sigma Adjuvant System Product Information. https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma\/Datasheet\/5\/s6322dat.pdf. accessed on 9.04.14."},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0460","first-page":"193","article-title":"Comparison of immune response potentiation and in vivo inflammatory effects of Freund's and RIBI adjuvants in mice","volume":"42","author":"Lipman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f794","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f794","article-title":"Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A\/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: retrospective analysis","volume":"346","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.6.5.685","article-title":"Relationship between physical and chemical properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants and immunopotentiation","volume":"6","author":"Hem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"June (27)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.078","article-title":"Imject\u00ae Alum is not aluminum hydroxide adjuvant or aluminum phosphate adjuvant","volume":"25","author":"Hem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0480","first-page":"406","article-title":"Mechanism of immunopotentiation and safety of aluminum adjuvants","volume":"3","author":"HogenEsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22759","article-title":"Aluminum adjuvant dose guidelines in vaccine formulation for preclinical evaluations","volume":"101","author":"Vecchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016266916893","article-title":"Characterization of the MN gp120 HIV-1 vaccine: antigen binding to alum","volume":"12","author":"Weissburg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"June (24)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.12.002","article-title":"Lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A as antigens and adjuvants","volume":"26","author":"Alving","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"September (6151)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243939","article-title":"Immunology. Sensing endotoxins from within","volume":"341","author":"Kagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"September (6151)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240248","article-title":"Noncanonical inflammasome activation by intracellular LPS independent of TLR4","volume":"341","author":"Kayagaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"September (6151)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240988","article-title":"Cytoplasmic LPS activates caspase-11: implications in TLR4-independent endotoxic shock","volume":"341","author":"Hagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.6.1786-1791.1989","article-title":"Retention of bacterial lipopolysaccharide at the site of subcutaneous injection","volume":"57","author":"Yokochi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.1.358","article-title":"Liposomal malaria vaccine in humans: a safe and potent adjuvant strategy","volume":"89","author":"Fries","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.13.13","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccines against tobacco addiction","volume":"12","author":"Fahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X14010676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X14010676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T03:26:39Z","timestamp":1746329199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X14010676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X14010676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adjuvants for vaccines to drugs of abuse and addiction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.085","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}