{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:43:06Z","timestamp":1775072586163,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Economic Structure Enhancement Fund (FES) in The Netherlands"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T06:38:19Z","timestamp":1476254299000},"page":"5512-5518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mutations in the haemagglutinin protein and their effect in transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in sub-optimally vaccinated chickens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Sitaras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xanthoula","family":"Rousou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart C.M.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9820","article-title":"Genetic characterization of the pathogenic influenza A\/Goose\/Guangdong\/1\/96 (H5N1) virus: similarity of its hemagglutinin gene to those of H5N1 viruses from the 1997 outbreaks in Hong Kong","volume":"261","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00037-06","article-title":"Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health","volume":"20","author":"Peiris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0015","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608157103","article-title":"Emergence and predominance of an H5N1 influenza variant in China","volume":"103","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.039","article-title":"The biology of influenza viruses","volume":"26","author":"Bouvier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.56.1.152-179.1992","article-title":"Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses","volume":"56","author":"Webster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.6.2941-2947.1990","article-title":"Hemagglutinin mutations related to attenuation and altered cell tropism of a virulent avian influenza A virus","volume":"64","author":"Philpott","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90321-7","article-title":"Influenza virus A pathogenicity: the pivotal role of hemagglutinin","volume":"50","author":"Webster","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031162","article-title":"Emerged HA and NA mutants of the pandemic influenza H1N1 viruses with increasing epidemiological significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009\u201310","volume":"7","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124513","article-title":"Structure and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 influenza virus","volume":"312","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003513","article-title":"Structural basis of immune recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin","volume":"8","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9716","article-title":"Role of hemagglutinin cleavage for the pathogenicity of influenza virus","volume":"258","author":"Steinhauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(92)90058-2","article-title":"The pathogenic determinant of influenza virus","volume":"33","author":"Rott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.002205","article-title":"Rapid evolution of RNA viruses","volume":"41","author":"Steinhauer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7041255","article-title":"Rapid evolution of RNA genomes","volume":"215","author":"Holland","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2053","article-title":"The evolution of epidemic influenza","volume":"8","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8718","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02403-10","article-title":"Antigenic drift in H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry is driven by mutations in major antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin molecule analogous to those for human influenza virus","volume":"85","author":"Cattoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.127","article-title":"Evidence for differing evolutionary dynamics of A\/H5N1 viruses among countries applying or not applying avian influenza vaccination in poultry","volume":"29","author":"Cattoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1637\/8903-042909-Reg.1","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated in Egypt","volume":"54","author":"Balish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8372","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.15.8372-8381.2004","article-title":"Effect of vaccine use in the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0105","unstructured":"UN FAO. H5N1 HPAI global overview January\u2013March 2012; 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0110","first-page":"198","article-title":"Avian influenza vaccination in Egypt: limitations of the current strategy","volume":"3","author":"Peyre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Genet Med: Int J Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.28.1.1865","article-title":"Experiences with vaccination in countries endemically infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza: the Food and Agriculture Organization perspective","volume":"28","author":"Domenech","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-31","article-title":"Evaluating the control of HPAIV H5N1 in Vietnam: virus transmission within infected flocks reported before and after vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Soares Magalhaes","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Veter Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84628","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084628","article-title":"Immune escape mutants of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 selected using polyclonal sera: identification of key amino acids in the HA protein","volume":"9","author":"Sitaras","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0130","article-title":"Role of vaccination-induced immunity and antigenic distance in the transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1","volume":"13","author":"Sitaras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Roy Soc, Interf\/Roy Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100133697","article-title":"A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids","volume":"97","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-10-3-457","article-title":"Counts of influenza virus particles","volume":"10","author":"Donald","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0145","unstructured":"UN OIE. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (Mammals, Birds and Bees). 7th ed.; 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178324","article-title":"On the definition and the computation of the basic reproduction ratio R0 in models for infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations","volume":"28","author":"Diekmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880600673X","article-title":"Design and analysis of small-scale transmission experiments with animals","volume":"135","author":"Velthuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006537","article-title":"Within- and between-pen transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments","volume":"128","author":"Klinkenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000281","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000281","article-title":"Estimation of transmission parameters of H5N1 avian influenza virus in chickens","volume":"5","author":"Bouma","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.085","article-title":"An inactivated H5N2 vaccine reduces transmission of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus among native chickens","volume":"27","author":"Poetri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505098102","article-title":"Quantification of the effect of vaccination on transmission of avian influenza (H7N7) in chickens","volume":"102","author":"van der Goot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0180","first-page":"e01070","article-title":"Antigenic variation of clade 2.1 H5N1 virus is determined by a few amino acid substitutions immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site","volume":"5","author":"Koel","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.064","article-title":"H7 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens against challenge with antigenically diverse isolates","volume":"29","author":"Abbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.04.002","article-title":"Prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza with particular reference to H5N1","volume":"178","author":"Capua","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00708","article-title":"Avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in vaccinated commercial and backyard poultry in Egypt","volume":"89","author":"Hafez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001628","article-title":"Evaluation of the vaccination efficacy against H5N1 in domestic poultry in the Red River Delta in Vietnam","volume":"141","author":"Desvaux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.037","article-title":"Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks is significantly reduced by a genetically distant H5N2 vaccine","volume":"382","author":"van der Goot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.048","article-title":"Further evidence of antigenic drift and protective efficacy afforded by a recombinant HVT-H5 vaccine against challenge with two antigenically divergent Egyptian clade 2.2.1 HPAI H5N1 strains","volume":"29","author":"Rauw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/03079451003781858","article-title":"Evaluation of the protection induced by avian influenza vaccines containing a 1994 Mexican H5N2 LPAI seed strain against a 2008 Egyptian H5N1 HPAI virus belonging to clade 2.2.1 by means of serological and in vivo tests","volume":"39","author":"Terregino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avian Pathol: J WVPA"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X16308945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X16308945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T15:34:40Z","timestamp":1601134480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X16308945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X16308945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mutations in the haemagglutinin protein and their effect in transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in sub-optimally vaccinated chickens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}