{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:31:40Z","timestamp":1790015500894,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T01:18:27Z","timestamp":1490318307000},"page":"2473-2478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Neisseria meningitidis nasopharyngeal carriage during the Hajj: A cohort study evaluating the need for ciprofloxacin prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Memish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaffar A.","family":"Al-Tawfiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malak","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam I.","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneera S.","family":"Al-Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Ben Helaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulhafeez","family":"Turkistani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Assiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1086\/323403","article-title":"Meningococcal disease and travel","volume":"34","author":"Memish","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0010","unstructured":"MacNeil jessica R, Meyer SA. Meningococcal Disease - Chapter 3 - 2016 Yellow Book | Travelers\u2019 Health | CDC n.d. <http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2016\/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel\/meningococcal-disease> [accessed November 19, 2016]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0015","series-title":"Meningococcal meningitis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1086\/649209","article-title":"Changes in Neisseria meningitidis Disease Epidemiology in the United States, 1998\u20132007: implications for Prevention of Meningococcal Disease","volume":"50","author":"Cohn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30395","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.45.30395","article-title":"An international invasive meningococcal disease outbreak due to a novel and rapidly expanding serogroup W strain, Scotland and Sweden, July to August 2015","volume":"21","author":"Lucidarme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1086\/367858","article-title":"Hajj-associated outbreak strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135: estimates of the attack rate in a defined population and the risk of invasive disease developing in carriers","volume":"36","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0808.010422","article-title":"W135 Working Group. Outbreak of serogroup W135 meningococcal disease after the Hajj pilgrimage, Europe, 2000","volume":"8","author":"Aguilera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1086\/425927","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W-135 Carriage among US Travelers to the 2001 Hajj","volume":"191","author":"Dull","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00448.x","article-title":"Meningococcal disease: the organism, clinical presentation, and worldwide epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058556","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in Makkah (Mecca), Saudi Arabia, 1992","volume":"115","author":"al-Gahtani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90439-X","article-title":"Intercontinental spread of an epidemic group A Neisseria meningitidis strain","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91056-7","article-title":"Epidemic group A meningococcal disease in Haj pilgrims","volume":"2","author":"Novelli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020565","article-title":"Serogroup W-135 Meningococcal Disease during the Hajj, 2000","volume":"9","author":"Lingappa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0070","first-page":"20295","article-title":"The Hajj: updated health hazards and current recommendations for 2012","volume":"17","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Les Mal Transm = Eur Commun Dis Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.07.001","article-title":"Mass gathering medicine: 2014 Hajj and Umra preparation as a leading example","volume":"27","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.4.389","article-title":"Meningococcal Leadership Forum (MLF) Expert Group. Consensus recommendation for meningococcal disease prevention for Hajj and Umra pilgrimage\/travel medicine","volume":"19","author":"Shibl","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0085","first-page":"306","article-title":"Detecting meningococcal meningitis epidemics in highly-endemic African countries","volume":"75","author":"No auhtor listed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Relev Epidemiol Hebd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008825","article-title":"The changing face of meningococcal disease in West Africa","volume":"135","author":"Greenwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4158-4163.2004","article-title":"Continuing Diversification of Neisseria meningitidis W135 as a Primary Cause of Meningococcal Disease after Emergence of the Serogroup in 2000","volume":"42","author":"Taha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-175","article-title":"The elusive meningococcal meningitis serogroup: a systematic review of serogroup B epidemiology","volume":"10","author":"Racloz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93086-3","article-title":"Protective efficacy of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"340","author":"de Moraes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/517385","article-title":"New Zealand epidemic of meningococcal disease identified by a strain with phenotype B:4:P1.4","volume":"177","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0115","unstructured":"Alborzi A, Oskoee S, Pourabbas B, Alborzi S, Astaneh B, Gooya MM, et al. Meningococcal carrier rate before and after hajj pilgrimage: effect of single dose ciprofloxacin on carriage. East Mediterr Health J n.d.; 14: 277\u201382."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60381-0","article-title":"Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control","volume":"383","author":"Memish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0125","unstructured":"Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper, November 2011. Relev Epidemiol Hebd 2011; 86: 521\u201339."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-11-17","article-title":"Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease","volume":"11","author":"Jafri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02415-08","article-title":"Use of a new single multiplex PCR-based assay for direct simultaneous characterization of six Neisseria meningitidis serogroups","volume":"47","author":"Fraisier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06087-11","article-title":"Clinical validation of multiplex real-time PCR assays for detection of bacterial meningitis pathogens","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0145","unstructured":"CDC. PCR for Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Meningitis Pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae n.d. <http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/meningitis\/lab-manual\/chpt10-pcr.pdf> [accessed November 19, 2016]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.2898-2901.2004","article-title":"Bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient caused by a commensal Neisseria meningitidis strain harboring the capsule null locus (cnl)","volume":"42","author":"Vogel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2014_22","article-title":"Effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis in suppressing carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in the military environment","author":"Korzeniewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Virol Immuno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00051.x","article-title":"Conquering the meningococcus","volume":"31","author":"Stephens","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.05.001","article-title":"A cohort study of the impact and acquisition of naspharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae during the Hajj","volume":"14","author":"Memish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000312721","article-title":"Absence of Neisseria meningitidis from throat swabs of Kuwaiti pilgrims after returning from the Hajj","volume":"19","author":"Husain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0175","first-page":"97","article-title":"Risk for meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj 2001","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0180","first-page":"221","article-title":"Update: assessment of risk for meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj 2001","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020725","article-title":"Absence of Neisseria meningitidis W-135 electrophoretic Type 37 during the Hajj, 2002","volume":"9","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7360.365","article-title":"Acquisition of W135 meningococcal carriage in Hajj pilgrims and transmission to household contacts: prospective study","volume":"325","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571.e1-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.008","article-title":"Mass gathering and globalization of respiratory pathogens during the 2013 Hajj","volume":"21","author":"Memish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140600","article-title":"Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj","volume":"20","author":"Benkouiten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.11.014","article-title":"Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings","volume":"47","author":"Yezli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.063","article-title":"Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease","volume":"27","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0215","first-page":"606","article-title":"Serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and carriage evaluation at a college - Rhode Island, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Soeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-4015","article-title":"First use of a serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine in the US in Response to a University Outbreak","volume":"135","author":"McNamara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.09.005","article-title":"Meningococcal serogroup A, C, W, and Y serum bactericidal antibody profiles in Hajj pilgrims","volume":"28","author":"Memish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027_b0230","first-page":"608","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in persons aged \u226510 Years at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Folaranmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1730333X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X1730333X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T03:59:25Z","timestamp":1568951965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X1730333X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X1730333X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neisseria meningitidis nasopharyngeal carriage during the Hajj: A cohort study evaluating the need for ciprofloxacin prophylaxis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}