{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:57:56Z","timestamp":1788188276687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1567647870000},"page":"6208-6220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparison of adjuvants to optimize influenza neutralizing antibody responses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Rudicell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Garinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Kanekiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather D.","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te-hui","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujia","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Z.","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Besev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep K.","family":"Dhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Dharanipragada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Dinapoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten U.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Kleanthous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Mascola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barney S.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Haensler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Jen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Nabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12383","article-title":"An overview of the regulation of influenza vaccines in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Weir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.02.002","article-title":"Novel universal influenza virus vaccine approaches","volume":"17","author":"Krammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176225","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans","volume":"325","author":"Garten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712377114","article-title":"Contemporary H3N2 influenza viruses have a glycosylation site that alters binding of antibodies elicited by egg-adapted vaccine strains","volume":"114","author":"Zost","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006682","article-title":"A structural explanation for the low effectiveness of the seasonal influenza H3N2 vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.05.012","article-title":"Heads, stalks and everything else: how can antibodies eradicate influenza as a human disease?","volume":"42","author":"Neu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12202","article-title":"Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies","volume":"499","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01349-18","article-title":"Development of a pan-H1 influenza vaccine","author":"Darricarrere","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400478111","article-title":"Unleashing the potential of NOD- and Toll-like agonists as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"111","author":"Maisonneuve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06246","article-title":"Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response","volume":"449","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.043","article-title":"Rational design of an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine targeting the receptor-binding site","volume":"162","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03422-13","article-title":"Flow cytometry reveals that H5N1 vaccination elicits cross-reactive stem-directed antibodies from multiple Ig heavy-chain lineages","volume":"88","author":"Whittle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8630","article-title":"Trispecific broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies mediate potent SHIV protection in macaques","volume":"358","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0070","unstructured":"Boger DL, Beutler B. TLR-Independent Small Molecule Adjuvants. C07D 307\/78 (2006.01) A61K31\/343 (2006.01) C07D 209\/04 (2006.01) A61K31\/404 (2006.01) C07D 209\/12 (2006.01) ed2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23311","article-title":"AF03, an alternative squalene emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant prepared by a phase inversion temperature method","volume":"101","author":"Klucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.03.028","article-title":"Design and preclinical characterization of a novel vaccine adjuvant formulation consisting of a synthetic TLR4 agonist in a thermoreversible squalene emulsion","volume":"486","author":"Haensler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.09.006","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of TLR4 agonist activity: formulation effects","volume":"113","author":"Misquith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0090","unstructured":"Dubensky TW, Jr., Kanne DB, Leong MLL, Glickman LH, Vance RE, Lemmens EE. Compositions and methods for activating \u201cstimulator of interferon gene\u201d-dependent signallinG. USA2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192517","article-title":"Induction of broadly neutralizing H1N1 influenza antibodies by vaccination","volume":"329","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607564103","article-title":"Protective immunity to lethal challenge of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus by vaccination","volume":"103","author":"Kong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00187-08","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant hemagglutinin proteins from avian H5N1 influenza virus","volume":"82","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000799","article-title":"Cross-neutralization of 1918 and 2009 influenza viruses: role of glycans in viral evolution and vaccine design","volume":"2","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135165","article-title":"Immunization by avian H5 influenza hemagglutinin mutants with altered receptor binding specificity","volume":"317","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.122","article-title":"Evaluating functional antibodies in rhesus monkeys immunized with hepatitis B virus surface antigen vaccine with novel adjuvant formulations","volume":"29","author":"Freed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v9070186","article-title":"Targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRR) for vaccine adjuvantation: from synthetic PRR agonists to the potential of defective interfering particles of viruses","volume":"9","author":"Vasou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.09.70","article-title":"Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer therapy","volume":"1","author":"Adams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2018.4","article-title":"TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment: potential novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60038","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060038","article-title":"The chemotherapeutic agent DMXAA as a unique IRF3-dependent type-2 vaccine adjuvant","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Binding-pocket and lid-region substitutions render human STING sensitive to the species-specific drug DMXAA","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.05.022","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP containing mixed phosphodiester linkages is an endogenous high-affinity ligand for STING","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.031","article-title":"Direct activation of STING in the tumor microenvironment leads to potent and systemic tumor regression and immunity","volume":"11","author":"Corrales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa4306","article-title":"STING agonist formulated cancer vaccines can cure established tumors resistant to PD-1 blockade","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101764","article-title":"MF59 and Pam3CSK4 boost adaptive responses to influenza subunit vaccine through an IFN type I-independent mechanism of action","volume":"188","author":"Caproni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200424955","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 6-independent signaling by diacylated lipopeptides","volume":"35","author":"Buwitt-Beckmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1657-1665.2004","article-title":"Relationship between structures and biological activities of mycoplasmal diacylated lipopeptides and their recognition by toll-like receptors 2 and 6","volume":"72","author":"Okusawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13766","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250476497","article-title":"The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors","volume":"97","author":"Ozinsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6703a5","article-title":"Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of herpes zoster vaccines","volume":"67","author":"Dooling","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit365","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an AS01-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus subunit candidate vaccine against herpes zoster in adults >=50 years of age","volume":"208","author":"Chlibek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006465","article-title":"Evaluation of RTS, S\/AS02A and RTS, S\/AS01B in adults in a high malaria transmission area","volume":"4","author":"Polhemus","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.42","article-title":"Cervarix(R): a bivalent vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18, with cross-protection against other high-risk HPV types","volume":"11","author":"Szarewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2016.1213632","article-title":"Adjuvant system AS01: helping to overcome the challenges of modern vaccines","volume":"16","author":"Didierlaurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00310","article-title":"Formulation in DDA-MPLA-TDB liposome enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S141069","article-title":"Vaccination with poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with soluble Leishmania antigens and modified with a TNFalpha-mimicking peptide or monophosphoryl lipid A confers protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"12","author":"Margaroni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2147-1","article-title":"Vaccination with toxofilin DNA in combination with an alum-monophosphoryl lipid A mixed adjuvant induces significant protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136862","article-title":"A novel prime and boost regimen of HIV virus-like particles with TLR4 adjuvant MPLA induces Th1 oriented immune responses against HIV","volume":"10","author":"Poteet","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700645","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700645","article-title":"Monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted virosomes with Ni-chelating lipids for attachment of conserved viral proteins as cross-protective influenza vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.5.326","article-title":"Distinct effects of monophosphoryl lipid A, oligodeoxynucleotide CpG, and combination adjuvants on modulating innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0240","first-page":"E884","article-title":"TLR4\/MD-2 activation by a synthetic agonist with no similarity to LPS","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.6.5.773","article-title":"E6020: a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist as a vaccine adjuvant","volume":"6","author":"Ishizaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.012","article-title":"Identification of GLA\/SE as an effective adjuvant for the induction of robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to EBV-gp350 in mice and rabbits","volume":"34","author":"Heeke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013677","article-title":"A synthetic adjuvant to enhance and expand immune responses to influenza vaccines","volume":"5","author":"Coler","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53ra74","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001094","article-title":"A defined tuberculosis vaccine candidate boosts BCG and protects against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Bertholet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.02.001","article-title":"Comparison of multiple adjuvants on the stability and immunogenicity of a clade C HIV-1 gp140 trimer","volume":"32","author":"Nkolola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1168958","article-title":"Phosphate substitution in an AlOOH \u2013 TLR4 adjuvant system (SPA08) modulates the immunogenicity of serovar E MOMP from Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"12","author":"Visan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2.2.219","article-title":"Enhancement of antigen-specific immunity via the TLR4 ligands MPL adjuvant and Ribi. 529","volume":"2","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.053","article-title":"A controlled clinical trial comparing the safety and immunogenicity of a new adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine with a standard hepatitis B vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Dupont","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.811208","article-title":"The use of Toll-like receptor 7\/8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"12","author":"Vasilakos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424924112","article-title":"Vaccine composition formulated with a novel TLR7-dependent adjuvant induces high and broad protection against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"112","author":"Bagnoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33965","article-title":"3M\u2013052 as an adjuvant for a PLGA microparticle-based Leishmania donovani recombinant protein vaccine","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507484102","article-title":"HIV Gag protein conjugated to a Toll-like receptor 7\/8 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in nonhuman primates","volume":"102","author":"Wille-Reece","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.07.028","article-title":"Chemical cross-linking of HIV-1 Env for direct TLR7\/8 ligand conjugation compromises recognition of conserved antigenic determinants","volume":"446","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00370","article-title":"Thermoresponsive polymer nanoparticles co-deliver RSV F trimers with a TLR-7\/8 adjuvant","volume":"27","author":"Francica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46426","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46426","article-title":"A formulated TLR7\/8 agonist is a flexible, highly potent and effective adjuvant for pandemic influenza vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Van Hoeven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0320","first-page":"41","article-title":"Imiquimod to treat basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"72","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0325","first-page":"5","article-title":"The role of imiquimod 3.75% cream in the treatment of external genital warts","volume":"17","author":"Berman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202958","article-title":"Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid is the most effective TLR adjuvant for SIV Gag protein-induced T cell responses in nonhuman primates","volume":"190","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.12.012","article-title":"CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases","volume":"61","author":"Klinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects","volume":"20","author":"Krieg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.12.020","article-title":"CpG oligonucleotides improve the protective immune response induced by the anthrax vaccination of rhesus macaques","volume":"22","author":"Klinman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00145-0","article-title":"Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs enhance immunogenicity of a peptide malaria vaccine in Aotus monkeys","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.692-701.2002","article-title":"Improved immunogenicity and efficacy of the recombinant 19-kilodalton merozoite surface protein 1 by the addition of oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel in a murine malaria vaccine model","volume":"70","author":"Near","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00045-8","article-title":"A phase I study of the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen co-administered with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligonucleotide adjuvant","volume":"21","author":"Halperin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-004-6244-3","article-title":"CPG 7909, an immunostimulatory TLR9 agonist oligodeoxynucleotide, as adjuvant to Engerix-B HBV vaccine in healthy adults: a double-blind phase I\/II study","volume":"24","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.054","article-title":"Induction of mucosal and systemic immunity against respiratory syncytial virus by inactivated virus supplemented with TLR9 and NOD2 ligands","volume":"30","author":"Shafique","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000768","article-title":"TLR9-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles as immunization vectors protect against West Nile encephalitis","volume":"185","author":"Demento","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00284","article-title":"Topical CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant enhances the adaptive immune response against influenza A infections","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8369","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02305-09","article-title":"Molecular characterization of in vivo adjuvant activity in ferrets vaccinated against influenza virus","volume":"84","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6715a5","article-title":"Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of a hepatitis B vaccine with a novel adjuvant","volume":"67","author":"Schillie","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.067","article-title":"Safety of a two-dose investigational hepatitis B vaccine, HBsAg-1018, using a toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant in adults","volume":"36","author":"Hyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.054","article-title":"Adjuvanting an inactivated influenza vaccine with conjugated R848 improves the level of antibody present at 6months in a nonhuman primate neonate model","volume":"35","author":"Holbrook","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10429","article-title":"STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP","volume":"478","author":"Burdette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00711","article-title":"Targeting cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways for cancer immunotherapies","volume":"9","author":"Iurescia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.10.072","article-title":"Superior immunogenicity of HCV envelope glycoproteins when adjuvanted with cyclic-di-AMP, a STING activator or archaeosomes","volume":"35","author":"Landi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79915","article-title":"Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants","volume":"125","author":"Hanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.003","article-title":"STING-activating adjuvants elicit a Th17 immune response and protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"23","author":"Van Dis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0430","article-title":"cGAMP promotes germinal center formation and production of IgA in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue","volume":"5","author":"Takaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.11.030","article-title":"A robust microparticle platform for a STING-targeted adjuvant that enhances both humoral and cellular immunity during vaccination","volume":"270","author":"Junkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1415684","article-title":"Adjuvanted influenza vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Tregoning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.05.017","article-title":"Nanotechnology in vaccine delivery","volume":"60","author":"Peek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.11.069","article-title":"Nanoparticle vaccines","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3927","article-title":"Hemagglutinin-stem nanoparticles generate heterosubtypic influenza protection","volume":"21","author":"Yassine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10262-5","article-title":"Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence","volume":"10","author":"Sliepen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.736","article-title":"Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll-like receptor-2","volume":"285","author":"Aliprantis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.7.933","article-title":"Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6","volume":"13","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0186854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186854","article-title":"Adjuvants and the vaccine response to the DS-Cav1-stabilized fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"12","author":"Sastry","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302569","article-title":"TLR4 ligands lipopolysaccharide and monophosphoryl lipid a differentially regulate effector and memory CD8+ T Cell differentiation","volume":"192","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10413","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00928-10","article-title":"TLR4 ligands augment antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses elicited by a viral vaccine vector","volume":"84","author":"Rhee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146372","article-title":"The TLR4 agonist vaccine adjuvant, GLA-SE, requires canonical and atypical mechanisms of action for TH1 induction","volume":"11","author":"Dubois Cauwelaert","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016333","article-title":"Development and characterization of synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant system as a vaccine adjuvant","volume":"6","author":"Coler","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135299","article-title":"Adjuvant-enhanced antibody responses in the absence of toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"314","author":"Gavin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8712","article-title":"Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00363.x","article-title":"Active immunization of hamsters against Clostridium difficile infection using surface-layer protein","volume":"52","author":"Ni Eidhin","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/374546a0","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation","volume":"374","author":"Krieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39776","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.382986","article-title":"5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) activates stimulator of interferon gene (STING)-dependent innate immune pathways and is regulated by mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"287","author":"Prantner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229963","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA","volume":"339","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1086\/590913","article-title":"An adjuvanted, low-dose, pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine candidate is safe, immunogenic, and induces cross-reactive immune responses in healthy adults","volume":"198","author":"Levie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.02.050","article-title":"AF03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines induce strong antibody responses in seasonal influenza vaccine-primed and unprimed mice","volume":"28","author":"Caillet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.06.005","article-title":"Old and new adjuvants","volume":"47","author":"McKee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2510","article-title":"Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium","volume":"9","author":"Marrack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X19310941?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X19310941?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T10:35:47Z","timestamp":1759401347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X19310941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X19310941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of adjuvants to optimize influenza neutralizing antibody responses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}