{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:42:05Z","timestamp":1792532525873,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T06:11:43Z","timestamp":1643609503000},"page":"1334-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hepatitis B vaccine co-administration influences the heterologous effects of neonatal BCG vaccination in a sex-differential manner"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Laure F.","family":"Pittet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Freyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susie","family":"Germano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhian","family":"Bonnici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaya","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Donath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare L.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Casalaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Robins-Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie L.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Table1: Summary of WHO Position Papers - Recommendations for Routine Immunization. Geneva: WHO; 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000145700.77286.94","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination associated with higher female than male mortality in Guinea-bissau: an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Garly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.03.038","article-title":"Age-specific changes in the female-male mortality ratio related to the pattern of vaccinations: an observational study from rural Gambia","volume":"24","author":"Aaby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh262","article-title":"Benefits of routine immunizations on childhood survival in Tari, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea","volume":"34","author":"Lehmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy069","article-title":"Neonatal BCG Vaccination Influences Cytokine Responses to Toll-like Receptor Ligands and Heterologous Antigens","volume":"217","author":"Freyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0030","article-title":"Association of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines with childhood mortality: systematic review","volume":"355","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0035","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier NCT 02444611, A trial investigating the influence of BCG and hepatitis B immunisation at birth on neonatal immune responses: the Early Life Vaccines and Immunity Study (ELVIS). Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001012","article-title":"The BCG World Atlas: A Database of Global BCG Vaccination Policies and Practices","volume":"8","author":"Zwerling","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap) \u2013 a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0055","unstructured":"Elisa analysis software. elisanalysis.com. Melbourne: Elisakit.com. 2012."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.061","article-title":"To BCG or not to BCG? Preventing travel-associated tuberculosis in children","volume":"26","author":"Ritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.010","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine: A global assessment of demand and supply balance","volume":"36","author":"Cernuschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01092","article-title":"Minimal sex-differential modulation of reactivity to pathogens and toll-like receptor ligands following Infant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Russia vaccination","volume":"8","author":"Darboe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa030","article-title":"Neonatal BCG Vaccination Reduces Interferon-gamma Responsiveness to Heterologous Pathogens in Infants From a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"221","author":"Freyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trivac.2013.11.004","article-title":"Neonatal BCG vaccination is associated with enhanced T-helper 1 immune responses to heterologous infant vaccines","volume":"3","author":"Libraty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials Vaccinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu508","article-title":"Heterologous immunological effects of early BCG vaccination in low-birth-weight infants in Guinea-Bissau: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"211","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30653-8","article-title":"BCG-induced non-specific effects on heterologous infectious disease in Ugandan neonates: an investigator-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Prentice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir515","article-title":"BCG vaccination induces different cytokine profiles following infant BCG vaccination in the UK and Malawi","volume":"204","author":"Lalor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.11.004","article-title":"Complex cytokine profiles induced by BCG vaccination in UK infants","volume":"28","author":"Lalor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17537","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202870109","article-title":"Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes","volume":"109","author":"Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.10.005","article-title":"BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: Role for non-specific protection to infection","volume":"155","author":"Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860050403","article-title":"Production of human alpha- and gamma-interferon is dependent on age and sex and is decreased in rheumatoid arthritis: a simple method for a large-scale assay","volume":"5","author":"Kita","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003603117","article-title":"Sex differences in neutrophil biology modulate response to type I interferons and immunometabolism","volume":"117","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.03.059","article-title":"Non-specific effect of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine on the immune response to routine immunisations","volume":"31","author":"Ritz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.081","article-title":"Delayed BCG immunization does not alter antibody responses to EPI vaccines in HIV-exposed and -unexposed South African infants","volume":"34","author":"Hesseling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.919","article-title":"Influence of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin on antibody and cytokine responses to human neonatal vaccination","volume":"168","author":"Ota","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.07.020","article-title":"Hepatitis B immunisation induces higher antibody and memory Th2 responses in new-borns than in adults","volume":"22","author":"Ota","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90370-Y","article-title":"Simultaneous injection of hepatitis B vaccine with BCG and killed poliovirus vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Coursaget","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0150","first-page":"1939","article-title":"The effect of concurrent use of hepatitis B and Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination on anti-hepatitis B response","volume":"25","author":"Artan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00029","article-title":"Adjuvant Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guerin on Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunogenicity in the Preterm and Term Newborn","volume":"9","author":"Scheid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084-18","article-title":"Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination","volume":"32","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70049-9","article-title":"The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2016.1203260","article-title":"Sex-differential heterologous (non-specific) effects of vaccines: an emerging public health issue that needs to be understood and exploited","volume":"16","author":"Flanagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit209","article-title":"Heterologous (\u201cnonspecific\u201d) and sex-differential effects of vaccines: epidemiology, clinical trials, and emerging immunologic mechanisms","volume":"57","author":"Flanagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0338-x","article-title":"The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines","volume":"20","author":"Aaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e274","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30742-X","article-title":"Vaccinology: time to change the paradigm?","volume":"20","author":"Benn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ617","article-title":"The effect of oral polio vaccine at birth on infant mortality: A randomized trial","volume":"61","author":"Lund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit804","article-title":"A randomized trial of a standard dose of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine given at 4.5 months of age: effect on total hospital admissions","volume":"209","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c6495","article-title":"Non-specific effects of standard measles vaccine at 4.5 and 9 months of age on childhood mortality: randomised controlled trial","volume":"341","author":"Aaby","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw073","article-title":"Is diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) associated with increased female mortality? A meta-analysis testing the hypotheses of sex-differential non-specific effects of DTP vaccine","volume":"110","author":"Aaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00079","article-title":"Evidence of Increase in Mortality After the Introduction of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine to Children Aged 6\u201335 Months in Guinea-Bissau: A Time for Reflection?","volume":"6","author":"Aaby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.01.041","article-title":"The Introduction of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Oral Polio Vaccine Among Young Infants in an Urban African Community: A Natural Experiment","volume":"17","author":"Mogensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0225","article-title":"Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) vaccine is associated with increased female-male mortality. Studies of DTP administered before and after measles vaccine","author":"Hanifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw059","article-title":"Sex-differential effects on mortality of BCG and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in a rural area with high vaccination coverage: observational study from Senegal","volume":"110","author":"Aaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RTS.S Clinical Trials Partnership. Efficacy and safety of RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:31-45.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60721-8"},{"issue":"10005","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00693-5","article-title":"RTS, S\/AS01 malaria vaccine and child mortality","volume":"386","author":"Aaby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00514","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00514-16","article-title":"S Malaria Vaccine and Increased Mortality in Girls","volume":"7","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0250","article-title":"WHO\u2019s rollout of malaria vaccine in Africa: can safety questions be answered after only 24 months?","volume":"368","author":"Aaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0255","article-title":"WHO\u2019s malaria vaccine study represents a \u201cserious breach of international ethical standards\u201d","volume":"368","author":"Doshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2394","article-title":"The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses","volume":"8","author":"Fish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0001","article-title":"The complex role of estrogens in inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw492","article-title":"Sex-Differential Non-Vaccine-Specific Immunological Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination","volume":"63","author":"Noho-Konteh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0275","first-page":"20151301","article-title":"Y-linked variation for autosomal immune gene regulation has the potential to shape sexually dimorphic immunity","volume":"282","author":"Kutch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2815","article-title":"The X chromosome in immune functions: when a chromosome makes the difference","volume":"10","author":"Libert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi008","article-title":"Sex hormones and the immune response in humans","volume":"11","author":"Bouman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031069","article-title":"The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men","volume":"89","author":"Malkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100047","article-title":"X-chromosome-located microRNAs in immunity: might they explain male\/female differences? The X chromosome-genomic context may affect X-located miRNAs and downstream signaling, thereby contributing to the enhanced immune response of females","volume":"33","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioEssays"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X22000202?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X22000202?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T11:09:34Z","timestamp":1759403374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X22000202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X22000202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-410X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hepatitis B vaccine co-administration influences the heterologous effects of neonatal BCG vaccination in a sex-differential manner","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}