{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T13:13:55Z","timestamp":1759497235546,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"US Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T19:15:22Z","timestamp":1706814922000},"page":"1332-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Utilizing a university testing program to estimate relative effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine versus two-dose primary series against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle G.","family":"Luiten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"O'Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devon","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin R.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie K.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zack","family":"Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lani","family":"Regelbrugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"McCaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremey","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Schwabe-Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey S.","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Uyeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2106-0953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Carone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea M.","family":"Starita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana A.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Y.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0015","unstructured":"Commissioner O of the. FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine. FDA. Published December 14, 2020. Accessed September 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0020","unstructured":"Commissioner O of the. FDA Takes Additional Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for Second COVID-19 Vaccine. FDA. Published December 21, 2020. Accessed September 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-takes-additional-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-second-covid."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00320-6","article-title":"Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"22","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0030","unstructured":"Commissioner O of the. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Expands Eligibility for COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters. FDA. Published November 19, 2021. Accessed September 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-expands-eligibility-covid-19-vaccine-boosters."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0035","unstructured":"Commissioner O of the. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccines for Use as a Booster Dose. FDA. Published August 31, 2022. Accessed September 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-moderna-pfizer-biontech-bivalent-covid-19-vaccines-use."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00592-1","article-title":"Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape","volume":"21","author":"Tregoning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6575","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl8487","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections","volume":"374","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10316","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02249-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for preventing severe outcomes in Israel: an observational study","volume":"398","author":"Barda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10328","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0","article-title":"Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"399","author":"Feikin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201570","article-title":"Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel","volume":"386","author":"Bar-On","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119451","article-title":"Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant","volume":"386","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30884-6","article-title":"Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Patalon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003992","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta, or Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A nationwide Danish cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Gram","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0080","unstructured":"Effectiveness Studies | ViewHub. Accessed September 7, 2023. https:\/\/view-hub.org\/vaccine\/covid\/effectiveness-studies."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32786-z","article-title":"Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants on a university campus","volume":"13","author":"Weil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab464","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State","volume":"8","author":"Weil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7004a3","article-title":"Response to a COVID-19 Outbreak on a University Campus \u2014 Indiana, August 2020","volume":"70","author":"Fox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211306","article-title":"Interventions to Disrupt Coronavirus Disease Transmission at a University, Wisconsin, USA, August\u2013October 2020","volume":"27","author":"Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6939e3","article-title":"Multiple COVID-19 Clusters on a University Campus \u2014 North Carolina, August 2020","volume":"69","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7035a3","article-title":"Multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Outbreak After Spring Break \u2014 Chicago, Illinois, March\u2013May 2021","volume":"70","author":"Doyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2807.212332","article-title":"Effect of Returning University Students on COVID-19 Infections in England, 2020","volume":"28","author":"Leeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7001a4","article-title":"Opening of Large Institutions of Higher Education and County-Level COVID-19 Incidence \u2014 United States, July 6\u2013September 17, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Leidner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003987","article-title":"Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: Update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Buitrago-Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.12.003","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection and transmission of COVID-19 among clusters: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"203","author":"Ravindra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.070","article-title":"COVID-19 Transmission Under the Public Health Radar: High Prevalence in Young Adults for COVID-19 Pandemic Wave 1","volume":"116","author":"Dudley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23307","article-title":"Cost of lost work hours associated with the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014United States, March 2020 through February 2021","volume":"65","author":"Asfaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4058","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1792","article-title":"Long COVID in the Faroe Islands: A Longitudinal Study Among Nonhospitalized Patients","volume":"73","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0001111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001111","article-title":"Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against general SARS-CoV-2 infection from the omicron variant: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Rennert","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081283","article-title":"Real-World Effectiveness of a Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccines among Japanese University Students","volume":"10","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02934","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02934-20","article-title":"Evaluating Specimen Quality and Results from a Community-Wide, Home-Based Respiratory Surveillance Study","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) - A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: Building an International Community of Software Platform Partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0180","article-title":"Tiny swabs: Nasal swabs integrated into tube caps facilitate large-scale self-collected SARS-CoV-2 testing","author":"Pfau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Micro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab132","article-title":"SwabExpress: An End-to-End Protocol for Extraction-Free COVID-19 Testing","volume":"68","author":"Srivatsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0190","unstructured":"Seattle Flu Assembly Pipeline. Published online November 29, 2021. Accessed October 31, 2022. https:\/\/github.com\/seattleflu\/assembly."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1618-7","article-title":"An amplicon-based sequencing framework for accurately measuring intrahost virus diversity using PrimalSeq and iVar","volume":"20","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2838-2","article-title":"A comparison of the test-negative and the traditional case-control study designs for estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness under nonrandom vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.053","article-title":"The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","article-title":"Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies","volume":"21","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Camb Mass"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2233730","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.33730","article-title":"Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older","volume":"5","author":"Hosseini-Moghaddam","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0225","unstructured":"Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published February 9, 2023. Accessed July 30, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/clinical-care\/underlyingconditions.html."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200797","article-title":"Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar","volume":"386","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13104","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13104","article-title":"Effectiveness of first and second COVID-19 mRNA vaccine monovalent booster doses during a period of circulation of Omicron variant sublineages: December 2021\u2013July 2022","volume":"17","author":"Petrie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.10650","article-title":"Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Menegale","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203965","article-title":"Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections","volume":"387","author":"Altarawneh","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13143","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13143","article-title":"Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against outpatient illness during widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, US Flu VE network","volume":"17","author":"Tartof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww064","article-title":"Theoretical Basis of the Test-Negative Study Design for Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness","volume":"184","author":"Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac203","article-title":"Current Challenges With the Use of Test-Negative Designs for Modeling COVID-19 Vaccination and Outcomes | American Journal of Epidemiology | Oxford Academic","volume":"192","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww063","article-title":"Invited Commentary: Beware the Test-Negative Design","volume":"184","author":"Westreich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.10.034","article-title":"Comparison of test-negative and syndrome-negative controls in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness evaluations for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Turbyfill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi274","article-title":"Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors","volume":"35","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-010332","article-title":"Influenza vaccination may have only minimum or no effect on COVID-19 in the aged population","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.12.052","article-title":"Receipt of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines in California (USA) during the 2021\u20132022 influenza season","volume":"41","author":"Andrejko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doll MK, Pettigrew SM, Ma J, Verma A. Effects of Confounding Bias in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Test-Negative Designs Due to Correlated Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. Published online March 24, 2022:ciac234. doi:10.1093\/cid\/ciac234.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.22.21265390"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.11.025","article-title":"Impact of accounting for correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in a COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation using a test-negative design","volume":"41","author":"Payne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0300","unstructured":"CDC. Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Networks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published December 16, 2022. Accessed September 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/vaccines-work\/vaccine-effectiveness-networks.htm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13023","article-title":"Ascertainment of vaccination status by self-report versus source documentation: Impact on measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness","volume":"16","author":"Stephenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071016","article-title":"Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Is Consistent with Electronic Health Record Data among the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership","volume":"10","author":"Tjaden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac015","article-title":"Identifying and Alleviating Bias Due to Differential Depletion of Susceptible People in Postmarketing Evaluations of COVID-19 Vaccines","volume":"191","author":"Kahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richmond CS, Sabin AP, Jobe DA, Lovrich SD, Kenny PA. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing reveals rapid transmission from college student clusters resulting in morbidity and deaths in vulnerable populations. medRxiv. Published online January 1, 2020:2020.10.12.20210294. doi:10.1101\/2020.10.12.20210294.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.12.20210294"}],"container-title":["Vaccine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X24001038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264410X24001038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T11:33:36Z","timestamp":1759404816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264410X24001038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0264410X24001038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-410X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-410X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilizing a university testing program to estimate relative effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine versus two-dose primary series against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.01.080","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}