{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:36Z","timestamp":1791417636850,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012551","name":"State Education Development Agency Republic of Latvia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T19:35:16Z","timestamp":1589657716000},"page":"100120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bla\u017e","family":"Cugmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Primo\u017e","family":"\u0160u\u0161teri\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Ru\u017ei\u0107","family":"Gorenjec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Plavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"327","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.2.212","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of hospital visit stress on physiologic variables in dogs","volume":"246","author":"Bragg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6500","article-title":"Agreement of Axillary and Auricular Temperature with Rectal Temperature in Systemically Healthy Dogs Undergoing Surgery","volume":"53","author":"Cichocki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0004","series-title":"Small Animal Internal Medicine","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Fever of undetermined origin","author":"Couto","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v7i3.1","article-title":"Laboratory reference intervals for systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, haematology, biochemistry and venous blood gas and electrolytes in healthy pet rabbits","volume":"7","author":"Gallego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2014.963946","article-title":"Comparison of rectal and vaginal temperature daily rhythm in dogs (Canis familiaris) under different photoperiod","volume":"46","author":"Giannetto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0007","first-page":"141","article-title":"Understanding Bland Altman analysis. Biochem","volume":"25","author":"Giavarina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.10.1170","article-title":"Comparison of rectal and axillary temperatures in dogs and cats","volume":"244","author":"Goic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12155","article-title":"Accuracy of different temperature reading techniques and associated stress response in hospitalized dogs","volume":"24","author":"Gomart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.378","article-title":"Measurement of body temperature by use of auricular thermometers versus rectal thermometers in dogs with otitis externa","volume":"221","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.12.1841","article-title":"Comparison of three methods of temperature measurement in hypothermic, euthermic, and hyperthermic dogs","volume":"230","author":"Greer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.12968\/vetn.2019.10.2.109","article-title":"Investigating the use of non-contact infrared thermometers in cats and dogs","volume":"10","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Nurse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP160034","article-title":"Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs","volume":"13","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2018.12.023","article-title":"Establishing a Yard-Specific Normal Rectal Temperature Reference Range for Horses","volume":"74","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00857648","article-title":"Monitoring body-core temperature from the trachea: comparison between pulmonary artery, tympanic, esophageal, and rectal temperatures","volume":"12","author":"Hayes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623741","article-title":"Comparison of auricular and rectal temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs","volume":"42","author":"Konietschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl. Prax. Kleintiere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12302","article-title":"Measurement of body temperature in 300 dogs with a novel noncontact infrared thermometer on the cornea in comparison to a standard rectal digital thermometer","volume":"25","author":"Kreissl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5326\/0400042","article-title":"Comparison of Body Temperature in Cats Using a Veterinary Infrared Thermometer and a Digital Rectal Thermometer","volume":"40","author":"Kunkle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.03.004","article-title":"Quantifying body surface temperature differences in canine coat types using infrared thermography","volume":"82","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101806","article-title":"Comparison of rectal, tympanic membrane and axillary temperature measurement methods in dogs","volume":"173","author":"Lamb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15582081","article-title":"Reference interval for rectal temperature in healthy confined adult cats","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0022","series-title":"Small Animal Medical Diagnosis","first-page":"15","article-title":"Pyrexia (Fever)","author":"Lorenz","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.7.632","article-title":"Comparison of axillary and rectal temperatures for healthy Beagles in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment","volume":"76","author":"Mathis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/24\/2\/025001","article-title":"A large aperture blackbody bath for calibration of thermal imagers","volume":"24","author":"Miklavec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2009.01.004","article-title":"Body size and the daily rhythm of body temperature in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Piccione","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2010.526425","article-title":"Accuracy of auricular temperature determination as body temperature index and its daily rhythmicity in healthy dog","volume":"42","author":"Piccione","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/26\/6\/016","article-title":"Infrared ear thermometers\u2014parameters influencing their reading and accuracy","volume":"26","author":"Pu\u0161nik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.935","article-title":"Daily Rhythmicity of Body Temperature in the Dog","volume":"65","author":"Refinetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.7.765","article-title":"Effect of prewarming on the body temperature of small dogs undergoing inhalation anesthesia","volume":"247","author":"Rigotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.06.007","article-title":"Monitoring changes in body surface temperature associated with treadmill exercise in dogs by use of infrared methodology","volume":"69","author":"Rizzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X14567550","article-title":"Comparison of axillary, tympanic membrane and rectal temperature measurement in cats","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0032","first-page":"190","article-title":"Measuring body temperature: how do different sites compare? Vet","volume":"178","author":"Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0033","first-page":"403","article-title":"Comparison between auricular and standard rectal thermometers for the measurement of body temperature in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Sousa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00158.x","article-title":"A comparison of auricular, rectal and pulmonary artery thermometry in dogs with anesthesia-induced hypothermia","volume":"16","author":"Southward","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.10.006","article-title":"Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352006000400008","article-title":"Comparison between tympanic and anal temperature with a clinical infrared ray thermometer in dogs","volume":"58","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Veterin\u00e1ria E Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0037","first-page":"615","article-title":"Comparison of Rectal, Eye and Ear Temperatures in Kangal Breed Dogs","volume":"21","author":"Yanmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kangal Irk\u0131 K\u00f6peklerde Kulak G\u00f6z Ve Rektal Is\u0131lar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00111","article-title":"Eye and Ear Temperature Using Infrared Thermography Are Related to Rectal Temperature in Dogs at Rest or With Exercise","volume":"3","author":"Zanghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X20300338?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X20300338?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T14:29:20Z","timestamp":1762525760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451943X20300338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2451943X20300338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-943X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary and Animal Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2020.100120","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100120"}}