{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:15:00Z","timestamp":1768720500704,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T08:20:46Z","timestamp":1732695646000},"page":"100413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Local agro-industrial by-products offer feasible options to supplement breeding rams in mixed farming systems of Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9032-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfa","family":"Getachew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bimrew","family":"Asmare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Alkhtib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wamatu","family":"Jane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(99)00041-3","article-title":"Influence of protein supplementation on reproductive traits of Awassi sheep grazing cereal stubble","volume":"34","author":"Al-Haboby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0002","article-title":"Selection efficiency for growth performance of Menz sheep in a community-based breeding program","volume":"32","author":"Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0003","first-page":"38","article-title":"Semen Characteristics of the West African Dwarf Rams in The Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Ahemen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nigerian J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3329\/bvet.v34i1.38709","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of ram semen used for artificial insemination in indigenous ewes","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bangladesh Veterinarian"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0005","series-title":"Analysis of crop residue use in small holder mixed farms in Ethiopia","author":"Alkhtib","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.712-719","article-title":"Effect of increasing levels of wasted date palm in concentrate diet on reproductive performance of Ouled Djellal breeding rams during flushing period","volume":"11","author":"Allaoui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinary World"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.51227\/ojafr.2021.30","article-title":"Quality changes in spermatozoa of exotic Muzaffarnagari crossbreed ram semen during the stages of frozen production","volume":"11","author":"Asaduzzaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online J. Anim. Feed Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.9790\/2380-07618389","article-title":"Baseline study of reproductive performances of indigenous rams in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Azizunnesa","year":"2014","journal-title":"IOSR J. Agric. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0010","series-title":"Food grain consumption and calorie intake patterns in Ethiopia","author":"Berhane","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0011","first-page":"719","article-title":"The correlation between scrotal circumference, scrotal volume, and semen quantity and quality on fat tailed rams","author":"Bintara","year":"2017","journal-title":"In International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19940201","article-title":"A review of nutritional influences on reproduction in boars, bulls and rams","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reproduction Nutrition Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0013","volume":"14","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0014","series-title":"Central Statistical Agency. National Statistics, Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0015","unstructured":"Central Statistical Agency (CSA). (2021). Statistical report on livestock and livestock characteristics Part II: Ethiopian agricultural sample enumeration, 2020\/2021 (2013 E.C.)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2011.24029","article-title":"Function of essential nutrition for high quality spermatogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Cheah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Biosci. and Biotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.04.003","article-title":"A comparative study on the quality of semen from Zulu rams at various ages and during different seasons in KwaZulu-Natal","volume":"151","author":"Chella","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Africa. Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0018","first-page":"305","article-title":"Effect of diets containing whole cottonseed on the quality of sheep semen","volume":"34","author":"Cunha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta. Sci. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0019","series-title":"Reproduction in Farm Animals","first-page":"387","article-title":"Artificial insemination","author":"Dally AX","year":"2000"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0020","article-title":"Induction of puberty in West African Dwarf buck- kids with exogenous melatonin","volume":"19","author":"Daramola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest. Res. Rural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.08.006","article-title":"Mass sperm motility is associated with fertility in sheep","volume":"161","author":"David","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal reproduction science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(01)00032-4","article-title":"Crop\u2013animal systems in Asia: importance of livestock and characterisation of agro-ecological zones","volume":"71","author":"Devendra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agricultural Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416\u00b1422","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1984.582416x","article-title":"Seasonal changes in breeding activities, testicular size, testosterone concentration and seminal characteristics in rams with long or short breeding season","volume":"58","author":"Dufour","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0024","series-title":"Lentil botany, production and uses","first-page":"76","article-title":"Introduction","author":"Erksine","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0025","series-title":"Body condition scoring of sheep and goat (Ethiopian Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program) ESGPIP","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0026","series-title":"Collection of semen; Handling and examination of semen; Dilution of semen; frozen storage of semen; Insemination","first-page":"85","author":"Evans","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2024.1408050","article-title":"Availability, distribution and quality of agro-industrial byproducts and compound feeds in Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Feyisa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0028","series-title":"Effects of Supplementing Wheat Bran and Graded Levels of Dried Accacia Saligna Leaves on Feed Intake, Body Weight Gain, Digestibility, Carcass and Semen Qualities of Highland Sheep M. Sc Thesis","author":"Gebreslassie","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.12.006","article-title":"Effect of nutritional state on semen characteristics, testicular size and serum testosterone concentration in Sanjabi ram lambs during the natural breeding season","volume":"153","author":"Ghorbankhani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal reproduction science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0031","volume":"27","author":"Gizaw","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0032","series-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","article-title":"The effect of siam orange juice (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in extender on Garut Ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation","volume":"1442","author":"Gunawan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0033","article-title":"Effect of graded levels and sources of protein on scrotal circumference and semen profile of Yankasa rams","volume":"9","author":"Jibril","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.02.013","article-title":"Influence of semen collection method on sperm cryoresistance in small ruminants","volume":"167","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Rabad\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(17)61793-3","article-title":"Global production, processing and utilization of lentil: A review","volume":"16","author":"Joshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.09.001","article-title":"Effect of breed and sperm concentration on the changes in structural, functional and motility parameters of ram-lamb spermatozoa during storage at 4 degrees C","volume":"101","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9193-7","article-title":"Performance of growing indigenous goats fed diets based on urban market crop wastes","volume":"41","author":"Katongole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(02)00051-2","article-title":"Influence of ejaculation frequency on sperm characteristics, ionic composition and enzymatic activity of seminal plasma in rams","volume":"44","author":"Kaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0039","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants in Developing Countries","author":"Kearl","year":"1982"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.11.009","article-title":"Association of soybean-based extenderswith field fertility of stored ram (Ovis aries) semen: a randomized double-blind parallel group design","volume":"79","author":"Khalifa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4290(03)00152-7","article-title":"Approaches to improve the utilization of food-feed crops-synthesis","volume":"84","author":"Lenn\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0043","first-page":"53","article-title":"Investigation of serum testosterone level, scrotal circumference, body mass, semen characteristics, and their correlations in developing MIS lambs","volume":"48","author":"Maksimovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.05.019","article-title":"Chromatin integrity of ram spermatozoa relationships to annual fluctuations of scrotal surface, temperature and temperature-humidity index","volume":"80","author":"Malama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v44i1.4","article-title":"Seasonal variation in semen quality of Droper rams using different collection techniques","volume":"44","author":"Malejane","year":"2014","journal-title":"S Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092503","article-title":"Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in, US Sheep Farms","volume":"11","author":"Maquivar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109991674","article-title":"Interactions between nutrition and reproduction in the management of the mature male ruminant","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0048","first-page":"195","article-title":"Storage of ram semen at 5\u00b0C: effects of preservation period and timed artificial insemination on pregnancy rate in ewes","volume":"2","author":"Menchaca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600086305","article-title":"The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor","volume":"93","author":"Menke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2011.00970.x","article-title":"Community-based alternative breeding plans for indigenous sheep breeds in four agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia","volume":"129","author":"Mirkena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2012.e66","article-title":"Study of correlation between reaction time and refractory period with semen charecteristics in arkharmerino \u00d7 moghaniandbaluchi \u00d7 moghani rams","volume":"11","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0052","series-title":"Artificial Insemination: Current and Future Trends","first-page":"1","author":"Morrell","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0053","unstructured":"NADIS.(2020). Ram Management before and after mating. www.nadis.org.uk."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0054","article-title":"Seminal Plasma: An Essential Review Attribute to Spermatozoa","volume":"33","author":"Nasrin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Andrology"},{"issue":"3- 4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.09.014","article-title":"Quality and freezing qualities of first and second ejaculates collected from endangered Gulf Coast Native rams","volume":"95","author":"Nel-Themaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0057","first-page":"127A","article-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","volume":"80","author":"Cunniff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1989.6771784x","article-title":"Corn fiber as an energy supplement in high-roughage diets fed to steers and lambs","volume":"67","author":"Oliveros","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(99)00004-4","article-title":"The effects of Gliricidia sepium and maize bran as supplementary feed to Rhodes grass hay on intake, digestion and liveweight of dairy goats","volume":"61","author":"Ondiek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0061","series-title":"Tropical animal feeding. A manual for research workers","author":"Preston","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0062","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2017). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(00)00140-1","article-title":"Reproductive characteristics of Ethiopian highland sheep II Genetic parameters of semen characteristics and their relationship with testicular measurement in ram lambs","volume":"37","author":"Rege","year":"2000","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0064","unstructured":"Rekik, M. (2016). Rams\u2019 breeding soundness evaluation: Year-round management for rams that is fit for successful reproduction. http:\/\/www.icarda.org\/."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0066","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evaluation and characterization of semen quality in rams of Menz, Dorper and Awassi crosses in different seasons in Ethiopia","author":"Goshme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest. Res. Rural Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2012.12.002","article-title":"Effect of corn bran particle size on rheology and pasting characteristics of flour gels","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2012.07.009","article-title":"Effect of barley and oats on feed intake, live weight gain and some carcass characteristics of fattening lambs","volume":"109","author":"Sormunen-Cristian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(99)00092-9","article-title":"Use of lentil screenings in the diets of early weaned lambs and ewes in the second trimester of pregnancy","volume":"81","author":"Stanford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Animal feed science and technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0070","series-title":"61st Annual meeting of European Association for Reproduction","first-page":"114","article-title":"Characteristics of ram semen collected from boujaad sheep breed in Morocco under fresh conservation","volume":"15","author":"Talbi","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0071","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Studies on Certain Fresh Semen Characteristics In Rams of Indiantwinnig Breed -The Nari Suvarna During Winter Months (Short Photoperiod)","volume":"5","author":"Tejaswi","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0073","series-title":"A training manual on artificial insemination in goats ILRI Manual 19","author":"Tsuma","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0074","series-title":"Analysis of Forage and Fibrous Foods","author":"Van Soest","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0075","series-title":"Nutritional ecology of the ruminant","first-page":"476","author":"Van Soest","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0076","series-title":"Studies on physical characteristics of Nellore Jodephi sheep semen. M.V.Sc. thesis","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413_bib0077","first-page":"296","article-title":"Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis, Spermatogenesis","volume":"81","author":"William","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Ecology"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X24000802?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X24000802?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T10:29:48Z","timestamp":1741602588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451943X24000802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S2451943X24000802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-943X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Local agro-industrial by-products offer feasible options to supplement breeding rams in mixed farming systems of Ethiopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary and Animal Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100413","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100413"}}