{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:36:38Z","timestamp":1781768198232,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:28:15Z","timestamp":1760142495000},"page":"100522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hepatoprotective effects of silibinin and chlorogenic acid standardised extract to alleviate the fatty liver syndrome and improve blood indices in caged-laying hens after the peak of production"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8224-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Guerrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Vera","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"del Zozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne Laura","family":"Archetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Carlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Chabrillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doriana Eurosia Angela","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0001","first-page":"305","article-title":"Effect of silymarin supplementation on the performance of developed chickens under summer conditions 1-during growth period","volume":"38","author":"Abdalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egyptian Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3207","article-title":"Milk thistle in liver diseases: Past, present, future","volume":"24","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22076","article-title":"The flavonolignan-silymarin protects enzymatic, hematological, and immune system against \u03b3-radiation-induced toxicity","volume":"31","author":"Adhikari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000514","article-title":"Anti-aflatoxin activities of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in broiler","volume":"73","author":"Alhidary","year":"2017","journal-title":"World's Poultry Science Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1161727","article-title":"Increasing persistency in lay and stabilising egg quality in longer laying cycles. What are the challenges?","volume":"57","author":"Bain","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.07.011","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in broiler chickens model","volume":"6","author":"Baradaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104060","article-title":"Effects of chlorogenic acid on productive and reproductive performances, egg quality, antioxidant functions, and intestinal microenvironment in aged breeder laying hens","volume":"103","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00768","article-title":"Effects of silymarin on gossypol toxicosis in divergent lines of chickens","volume":"89","author":"Blevins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1647\/2017-310","article-title":"Biochemical reference intervals for backyard hens","volume":"32","author":"Board","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0010","first-page":"143","article-title":"Gas-liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric investigation on Cynara scolymus extracts","volume":"48","author":"Bombardelli","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/09687688.2015.1031833","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of action of chlorogenic acid on erythrocyte and lipid membranes","volume":"32","author":"Bonarska-Kujawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular membrane Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457608418164","article-title":"Fatty liver diseases in the domestic fowl \u2013 A review","volume":"5","author":"Butler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.752265","article-title":"The microbiota gut-brain axis during heat stress in chickens: A review","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.177","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of TIPE1 in chicken (Gallus gallus): Its applications in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome","volume":"207","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11418","article-title":"Nutritional and hormonal induction of fatty liver syndrome and effects of dietary lipotropic factors in egg-type male chicks","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669408417727","article-title":"Effect of selected dietary antioxidants on fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens","volume":"35","author":"Diaz","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2307\/1592746","article-title":"The use of selected plasma enzyme activities for the diagnosis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens","volume":"43","author":"Diaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-05217-4","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid prevents hepatotoxicity in arsenic-treated mice: Role of oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"47","author":"Dkhil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2868904","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"2022","author":"Doostkam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Canadian journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.12735\/as.v2i1p37","article-title":"Haematological parameters and factors affecting their values","volume":"2","author":"Etim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agricultural Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0021","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herbs on immunity and some blood metabolites in broiler chicks","volume":"7","author":"FaniMakki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70025","article-title":"Evaluating the therapeutic effect of different forms of silymarin on liver status and expression of some genes involved in fat metabolism, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory in older laying hens","volume":"10","author":"Faryadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine and Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00139.x","article-title":"Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease","volume":"93","author":"Flora","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-51-3","article-title":"Causes of mortality in laying hens in different housing systems in 2001 to 2004","volume":"51","author":"Fossum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta. Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0025","article-title":"Study on the assessment of plants\/herbs, plant\/herb extracts and their naturally or synthetically produced components as \u2018additives\u2019 for use in animal production","volume":"4","author":"Franz","year":"2007","journal-title":"EFSA Supporting Pubblications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey586","article-title":"Effects of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome on the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway in laying hens","volume":"98","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713327","article-title":"Role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in ovarian aging: Potential mechanism and protective strategies","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0028","first-page":"263","article-title":"The effect of artichoke on liver function and some blood parameters in broiler chicks poisoned with CCl4","volume":"44","author":"Ghohari","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102332","article-title":"End of lay postmortem findings in aviary housed laying hens","volume":"102","author":"Gretarsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01057-w","article-title":"Dietary silymarin improves performance by altering hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota function and its metabolites in late laying hens","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Animal Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey596","article-title":"Interactions between the cecal microbiota and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using laying hens as the model","volume":"98","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101497","article-title":"Research Note: Effect of age on hematological parameter and reference intervals for commercial Lohmann silver layer","volume":"100","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-013-1726-4","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of Silybum marianum on experimental hepatotoxicity in broilers","volume":"23","author":"Kamali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comparative Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0034","article-title":"Protective effects of Silymarin against free radical-induced erythrocyte lysis","volume":"58","author":"Karimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Alternat. Complement. Med. 3."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.05.008","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injuries through scavenging reactive oxygen species","volume":"150","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-66.11.2171","article-title":"Jerusalem artichokes stimulate growth of broiler chickens and protect them against endotoxins and potential cecal pathogens","volume":"66","author":"Kleessen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/115.5.675","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of lipids in poultry","volume":"115","author":"Krogdahl","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2174\/138920210791110960","article-title":"Comparative approach of the de novo fatty acid synthesis (lipogenesis) between ruminant and non ruminant mammalian species: from biochemical level to the main regulatory lipogenic genes","volume":"11","author":"Laliotis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010016","article-title":"Role of chlorogenic acids in controlling oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26087","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125942","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0041","article-title":"Protective effects of Abrus cantoniensis hance on the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens based on liver metabolomics and gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12620","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid: A comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.26236.1","article-title":"Cardiovascular protection effect of chlorogenic acid: Focus on the molecular mechanism","volume":"9","author":"Lukitasari","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000 Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00980-8","article-title":"Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high-energy and low-protein diet-induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens","volume":"15","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0002995","article-title":"Antioxidant and prooxidant actions of prenylated and nonprenylated chalcones and flavanones in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Miranda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.064","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research","volume":"97","author":"Naveed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0047","first-page":"247","article-title":"Effects of a high energy and low protein diet on hepatic and plasma characteristics and Cidea and Cidec mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue of laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal Science Journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8591","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15058591","article-title":"Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of NASH: Beyond steatosis and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Peverill","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1462","article-title":"Chemoprotective effect of plant phenolics against anthracycline-induced toxicity on rat cardiomyocytes. part III. apigenin, baicalelin, kaempherol, luteolin and quercetin","volume":"18","author":"Psotov\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14254","article-title":"A review of the protective effects of chlorogenic acid against different chemicals","volume":"46","author":"Rashidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Food Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0051","first-page":"29","article-title":"2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","volume":"268","year":"2003","journal-title":"OJL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0052","first-page":"211","article-title":"Welfare, health, and hygiene of laying hens housed in furnished cages and in alternative housing systems","volume":"8","author":"Rodenburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAAWS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0053","first-page":"17","article-title":"Health-promoting properties of artichoke in preventing cardiovascular disease by its lipidic and glycemic-reducing action","volume":"80","author":"Rondanelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch. Chest. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010103","article-title":"Composition and function of chicken gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Rychlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000538","article-title":"Silymarin: A potent hepatoprotective agent in poultry industry","volume":"73","author":"Saeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Poult. Sci. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0056","first-page":"549","article-title":"Lipid-lowering activity of artichoke extracts: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Critical reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000100581","article-title":"An updated systematic review of the pharmacology of silymarin","volume":"14","author":"Saller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Complementary Medicine Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210360","article-title":"Taurine protects against the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"24","author":"San","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23256","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities","volume":"120","author":"Sanyal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702920","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1702920","article-title":"New association of milk thistle and artichoke extracts enhances egg quality in caged-laying hens","volume":"12","author":"Serra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.10.1353","article-title":"Season by genotype interaction related to broiler growth rate and heat tolerance","volume":"78","author":"Settar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660903421167","article-title":"Multi-factorial investigation of various housing systems for laying hens","volume":"51","author":"Shimmura","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1538550","article-title":"Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome occurrence in laying hens: impact of production system","volume":"48","author":"Shini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2016.08.001","article-title":"Psammomys obesus, a unique model of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and autophagy in the pathologic development of hepatic steatosis","volume":"339","author":"Sihali-Beloui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comptes rendus Biologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0065","first-page":"235","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of therapeutic effects of silymarin and hydrocortisone on clinical and hematological alterations, and organ injury (liver and heart) in a low-dose canine lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis model","volume":"11","author":"Soltanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0066","first-page":"478","article-title":"The effects of milk thistle\u2019s extract on blood lipids in broilers under heat stress","volume":"8","author":"Sourani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib89","series-title":"Multivariate analysis of variance","first-page":"152","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of variance","author":"Spicer","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0067","first-page":"353","article-title":"Effect of different dietary fat intake on blood lipids, body fat, adiponectin and leptin on energy balance status in rats","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu J. Hyg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4010204","article-title":"Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Surai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.11.1839","article-title":"Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks","volume":"3","author":"Tedesco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1969-2440","article-title":"Use of milk thistle in farm and companion animals: a review","volume":"89","author":"Tedesco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813503569","article-title":"Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in the backyard chicken: a retrospective histopathologic case series","volume":"51","author":"Trott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i3.144","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin","volume":"6","author":"Vargas-Mendoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0074","first-page":"360","article-title":"Effect of chlorogenic acid extracted from Eucommia ulmoides oliv on hyperlipemia of mice induced by high-fat diet","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7966","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30468","article-title":"Oxidative stress in oocyte aging and female reproduction","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122027","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviated afb1-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating mitochondrial function, activating Nrf2\/HO-1, and inhibiting noncanonical NF-\u03baB signalling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11644","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04791","article-title":"Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: phytochemistry, pharmacology, and applications","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00924-4","article-title":"Silybin regulates P450s activity by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2015-0074","article-title":"Bicyclol attenuates tetracycline-induced fatty liver associated with inhibition of hepatic ER stress and apoptosis in mice","volume":"94","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0080","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress and natural antioxidants in ovarian aging","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2005.568.572","article-title":"Effect of dietary factors on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome and its diagnosis methods with use of serum and liver parameters in laying hens","volume":"4","author":"Yousefi","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2620","article-title":"The effects of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers","volume":"9","author":"Zaker-Esteghamati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Science & Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1737097","article-title":"Effect of CS and its derivatives on broilers: An updated review","volume":"32","author":"Zaker-Esteghamati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal Biotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0084","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic inflammation in broiler chickens subjected to diquat-induced oxidative stress","volume":"102","author":"Zha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111303","article-title":"Supplementation of chlorogenic acid alleviates the effects of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, hepatic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid accumulation in laying hens","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0086","first-page":"5000","article-title":"Effects of silymarin on growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism related gene expression of fast growth yellow feather broilers","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.144","article-title":"Silybum marianum oil attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed mice","volume":"100","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46183-y","article-title":"Insulin resistance and metabonomics analysis of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens induced by a high-energy low-protein diet","volume":"9","author":"Zhuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X25000948?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X25000948?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:44:18Z","timestamp":1774885458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451943X25000948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S2451943X25000948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-943X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hepatoprotective effects of silibinin and chlorogenic acid standardised extract to alleviate the fatty liver syndrome and improve blood indices in caged-laying hens after the peak of production","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary and Animal Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100522","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100522"}}