{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:51:56Z","timestamp":1791910316569,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:51:56Z","timestamp":1780293116000},"page":"100720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of protease and lipase supplementation in starter diet on growth performance, small intestine morphology, and immunity in young broilers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Ghavipanjeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Payvastegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Ali","family":"Mirghelenj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Meysam Abtahi","family":"Froushani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Delfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040737","article-title":"Effect of lipase and lysolecithin supplementation with low energy diet on growth performance, biochemical attributes and fatty acid profile of breast muscle of broiler chickens","volume":"13","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev220","article-title":"Effect of plant extracts derived from thyme on male broiler performance","volume":"94","author":"Alipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.11.1561","article-title":"Evaluation of dietary supplements of lipase, detergent, and crude porcine pancreas on fat utilization by young broiler chicks","volume":"78","author":"Al-Marzooqi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.956","article-title":"Effect of dietary lipase enzyme on gut morphology, gastric motility, and long-term performance of broiler chicks","volume":"79","author":"Al-Marzooqi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0005","article-title":"Enzymes in poultry feed. Feed additives\u2013Recent trends in animal nutrition","author":"Alshelmani","year":"2024","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02946-2","article-title":"Effects of different feeding regimens with protease supplementation on growth, amino acid digestibility, economic efficiency, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology in broiler chickens","volume":"17","author":"Amer","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02980-0","article-title":"Growth performance, internal organ traits, intestinal morphology, and microbial population of broiler chickens fed quinoa seed\u2013based diets with phytase or protease supplements and their combination","volume":"53","author":"Amiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2020-1258","article-title":"Effects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance, fat digestibility and meat quality in broiler chickens","volume":"22","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0099","article-title":"Supplementation of bile acids and lipase in broiler diets for better nutrient utilization and performance: Potential effects and future implications\u2013A review","volume":"21","author":"Arshad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00181","article-title":"The effects of different oil sources on performance, digestive enzymes, carcass traits, biochemical, immunological, antioxidant, and morphometric responses of broiler chicks","volume":"7","author":"Attia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0012","series-title":"Aviagen group ross 308 broiler: Nutrition specifications","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0013","series-title":"Aviagen group ross 308 broiler: Management handbook","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040525","article-title":"Dietary oxidative distress: A review of nutritional challenges as models for poultry, swine and fish","volume":"10","author":"Bacou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101269","article-title":"Basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broiler chickens as influenced by age","volume":"100","author":"Barua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez038","article-title":"Effects of protease and phytase supplements on small intestinal microbiota and amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Borda-Molina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00130","article-title":"Effect of enzyme addition on the nutritive value of high oleic acid sunflower seeds in chicken diets","volume":"87","author":"Brenes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2020.100117","article-title":"Applied research note: Exogenous lipase supplementation to low-energy, low-protein, and low\u2013amino acid diets for broiler chickens from one to 42 d","volume":"30","author":"Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0019","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Effect of coated lipase supplementation on growth, digestion and intestinal morphology in weaning piglets","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.018","article-title":"The effect of a mono-component exogenous protease and graded concentrations of ascorbic acid on the performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal architecture of broiler chickens","volume":"235","author":"Cowieson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.008","article-title":"Using the precision-feeding bioassay to determine the efficacy of exogenous enzymes\u2014A new perspective","volume":"129","author":"Cowieson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e68","article-title":"Effects of arginine and guanidinoacetic acid with or without phenylalanine on ascites susceptibility in cold-stressed broilers fed canola meal-based diet","volume":"65","author":"Delfani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac037","article-title":"Effects of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, total tract phosphorus retention, and tibia ash in young broilers","volume":"100","author":"Dersjant-Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.02.001","article-title":"Xylanase, protease and superdosing phytase interactions in broiler performance, carcass yield and digesta transit time","volume":"3","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.10.021","article-title":"Soybean \u03b2-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-\u03bab, TOR and Nrf2 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Varying among different intestinal segments","volume":"95","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03562-y","article-title":"Effect of exogenous protease on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal histomorphometric, meat quality characteristics, and carcass yield in broilers fed low protein diets","volume":"55","author":"Duque-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12876","article-title":"Supplementation of broiler diets with high levels of microbial protease and phytase enables partial replacement of commercial soybean meal with raw, full-fat soybean","volume":"102","author":"Erdaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051112","article-title":"Effect of protease type and peptide size on the in vitro antioxidant, antihypertensive and anti-diabetic activities of eggplant leaf protein hydrolysates","volume":"10","author":"Famuwagun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.2001698","article-title":"Influence of dietary phytase and protease, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota composition and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens fed sesame meal-based diets","volume":"20","author":"Farrokhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2019-1239","article-title":"Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation levels in diets for laying hens from 28 to 44 weeks of age","volume":"22","author":"F\u00e9lix","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2023-1766","article-title":"Does the use of emulsifier or lipase improve weight gain and feed conversion in broilers? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2010-00295","article-title":"Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease","volume":"20","author":"Freitas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.011035","article-title":"A feed serine protease improves broiler performance and increases protein and energy digestibility","volume":"48","author":"Fru-Nji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Japanese Poultry Science Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105586","article-title":"Effects of amino acids methionine, lysine, and taurine on feed intake and mRNA expression of appetite-related neuropeptides in layer-type chicks","volume":"104","author":"Ghashghaei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105614","article-title":"Serum lipidomics analysis reveals yolk sac absorption differences in newly hatched chicks","volume":"104","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02685","article-title":"Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activities, and immune response in broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Hashemipour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0755","article-title":"Effect of diets with different energy and lipase levels on performance, digestibility and carcass trait in broilers","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0039","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effects of protease supplementation on growth performance, organ development, gut morphology, and microbial profile of broiler chicken","volume":"71","author":"Huyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A\u2014Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0040","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effect of feeding prilled palm fat with lyso-lecithin on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid profile, carcass, and meat quality","volume":"8","author":"Jaapar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Science Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103398","article-title":"Changes in gene expression in the intestinal mucus of broilers with woody breast myopathy","volume":"103","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003219","article-title":"Soybean glycinin depresses intestinal growth and function in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian): Protective effects of glutamine","volume":"114","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-02064","article-title":"Effects of a xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat\u2013soybean meal\u2013based diet","volume":"91","author":"Kalmendal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.05.006","article-title":"Changes in broiler chick tissue concentrations of lipid-soluble antioxidants immediately post-hatch","volume":"160","author":"Karadas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071027","article-title":"Use of different proteases to obtain flaxseed protein hydrolysates with antioxidant activity","volume":"17","author":"Karama\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.053","article-title":"Expression of lysine-mediated neuropeptide hormones controlling satiety and appetite in broiler chickens","volume":"99","author":"Khwatenge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030270","article-title":"Nutrigenomics of natural antioxidants in broilers","volume":"13","author":"Kouvedaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0581","article-title":"The effects of low-protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment","volume":"31","author":"Law","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106205","article-title":"Estimation of standardized ileal digestible calcium and phosphorus requirements of broiler chickens aged 21\u201335 days","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102565","article-title":"Effects of exogenous protease on performance, economic evaluation, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, intestinal morphology, blood profile, carcass trait, and meat quality in broilers fed normal diets and diets considered with matrix value","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey076","article-title":"Evaluation of potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Antrodia cinnamomea powder and the underlying molecular mechanisms via Nrf2- and NF-\u03bab-dominated pathways in broiler chickens","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae214","article-title":"Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits a protective effect on intestinal injury induced by soybean meal in early-weaned piglets","volume":"102","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105013","article-title":"Research note: A novel protease improves egg production and fecal nutrient utilization in laying hens fed corn-or wheat-based diet","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03388-0","article-title":"Chronic heat stress promotes liver inflammation in broilers via enhancing NF-\u03bab and NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2017.04.009","article-title":"Effect of different exogenous proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass response in broiler chickens fed poultry by-product meal-based diets","volume":"200","author":"Mahmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021113-170343","article-title":"The molecular physiology of uric acid homeostasis","volume":"77","author":"Mandal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030845","article-title":"Effect of age on the immune and visceral organ weights and cecal traits in modern broilers","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13121961","article-title":"Peripheral and central impact of methionine source and level on growth performance, circulating methionine levels and metabolism in broiler chickens","volume":"13","author":"Maynard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050226","article-title":"Effects of low-protein diets and exogenous protease on growth performance, carcass traits, intestinal morphology, cecal volatile fatty acids, and serum parameters in broilers","volume":"9","author":"Ndazigaruye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13859","article-title":"Physiology of lipid digestion and absorption in poultry: An updated review on the supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler diets","volume":"107","author":"Oketch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.5.614","article-title":"The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa308","article-title":"Soybean meal allergenic protein degradation and gut health of piglets fed protease-supplemented diets","volume":"98","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103546","article-title":"Multiprotease improves amino acid release in vitro, energy, and nutrient utilization in broilers fed diets varying in crude protein levels","volume":"103","author":"Pe\u00f1uela-Sierra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106266","article-title":"Influence of Olive pomace extract on performance, gut health, immune indices, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens raised under tropical conditions","volume":"105","author":"Philatha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030703","article-title":"Effects of dietary crude protein and protease levels on performance, immunity capacity, and amino acid digestibility of broilers","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000853","article-title":"Improved performance and immunological responses as the result of dietary genistein supplementation of broiler chicks","volume":"9","author":"Rasouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal : An International Journal Of Animal Bioscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2013-00739","article-title":"Feed enzymes: The science, practice, and metabolic realities","volume":"22","author":"Ravindran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102795","article-title":"Nutrition and digestive physiology of the broiler chick: State of the art and outlook","volume":"11","author":"Ravindran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2025.1453735","article-title":"Sfericase protease, phytase, and xylanase combination improves body weight, feed conversion rate, ileal digestibility, and gut morphology in broilers","volume":"6","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Soriano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Animal Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01844","article-title":"Effects of flavomycin and probiotic supplementation to diets containing different sources of fat on growth performance, intestinal morphology, apparent metabolizable energy, and fat digestibility in broiler chickens","volume":"91","author":"Sharifi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0071","first-page":"415","article-title":"Caffeine augments the instruction of anti-inflammatory macrophages by the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Shushtari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0072","first-page":"098","article-title":"Effects of reduced-protein diets with protease supplementation on growth, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical of broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Translational Animal Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2016.01.001","article-title":"Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium","volume":"2","author":"Surai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020186","article-title":"Redox homeostasis in poultry: Regulatory roles of NF-\u03bab","volume":"10","author":"Surai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfy027","article-title":"Intestinal passage and its relation to digestive processes","volume":"28","author":"Svihus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945021000070769","article-title":"Functional comparison of heterophils isolated from commercial broiler chickens","volume":"32","author":"Swaggerty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12172190","article-title":"Attenuation of oxidative damage via upregulating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway by protease SH21 with exerting anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Tarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2025.2452244","article-title":"Efficacy of zingibain phyto-protease on growth performance, litter quality and gut microbiota in broilers fed high animal protein concentrates","volume":"24","author":"Uzair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.041","article-title":"A review on yolk sac utilization in poultry","volume":"99","author":"Van der Wagt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2023.2163042","article-title":"Adaptation of chicken pancreatic secretory functions to feed composition","volume":"79","author":"Vertiprakhov","year":"2023","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poultry Science Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5525","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez299","article-title":"Evaluation of novel protease enzymes on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of poultry: Enzyme dose response","volume":"98","author":"Walk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.032","article-title":"Effects of posthatch feed deprivation on residual yolk absorption, macronutrients synthesis, and organ development in broiler chicks","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2017.1340298","article-title":"Tolerance properties and growth performance assessment of yarrowia lipolytica lipase in broilers","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Animal Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114502","article-title":"Efficacy of a mono-component protease is affected by trypsin inhibitor concentration in soybean meal","volume":"265","author":"Wedekind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1966.tb04696.x","article-title":"A simple hemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies","volume":"6","author":"Wegmann","year":"1966","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.11.004","article-title":"Centennial review: The chicken yolk sac is a multifunctional organ","volume":"100","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103984","article-title":"Intermittent and mild cold stimulation enhances immune function of broilers via co-regulation of CIRP and TRPM8 on NF-\u03bab and MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"103","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.015","article-title":"Effects of coated proteases on the performance, nutrient retention, gut morphology and carcass traits of broilers fed corn or sorghum based diets supplemented with soybean meal","volume":"223","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.490","article-title":"Beneficial effects of protease preparations derived from Aspergillus on the colonic luminal environment in rats consuming a high-fat diet","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomedical Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020310","article-title":"Factors associated with cumulative first-week mortality in broiler chicks","volume":"10","author":"Yerpes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911198","article-title":"Effects of dietary glycinin on oxidative damage, apoptosis and tight junction in the intestine of juvenile hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco \u00d7 Pelteobagrus vachelli)","volume":"23","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-023-00287-z","article-title":"Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites","volume":"6","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaost.2020.12.001","article-title":"Study on enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean \u03b2-conglycinin using alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 01746 and antigenicity of its hydrolysates","volume":"4","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Grain & Oil Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173941","article-title":"Effects of protease and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on performance, digestive function, activity and gene expression of endogenous enzyme of broilers","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0095","article-title":"Soybean \u03b2-conglycinin induces inflammation and oxidation and causes dysfunction of intestinal digestion and absorption in fish","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102437","article-title":"Oxidized corn oil changes the liver lipid metabolism of broilers by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b1","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.115721","article-title":"Microbial protease supplementation improves gastric emptying and protein digestive fate of beef for the elderly under dynamic in vitro digestion","volume":"202","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Research International"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X2600150X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X2600150X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:26:06Z","timestamp":1791908766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451943X2600150X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S2451943X2600150X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-943X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of protease and lipase supplementation in starter diet on growth performance, small intestine morphology, and immunity in young broilers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary and Animal Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100720","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100720"}}