{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:53:30Z","timestamp":1791910410929,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:34:53Z","timestamp":1786750493000},"page":"100815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of measurement method, measurement height, and sampling location on carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration in a conventional piglet nursery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thies J.","family":"Nicolaisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Br\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Nathaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Kemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1995.1069","article-title":"Ammonia emission patterns during growing periods of pigs housed on partially slatted floors","volume":"62","author":"Aarnink","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1996.0121","article-title":"Effect of type of slatted floor and degree of fouling of solid floor on ammonia emission rates from fattening piggeries","volume":"66","author":"Aarnink","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1996.0071","article-title":"Effect of slatted floor area on ammonia emission and on the excretory and lying behaviour of growing pigs","volume":"64","author":"Aarnink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0004","first-page":"142","article-title":"Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungs-Verordnung - Verordnung zum Schutz landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere und anderer zur Erzeugung tierischer Produkte gehaltener Tiere bei ihrer Haltung","volume":"1","year":"2021","journal-title":"TierSchNutztV Bundesgesetzblatt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.111238","article-title":"Monitoring ammonia emissions in pig facilities: A comparative review of measurement technologies, monitoring protocols, and technology decision-support framework","volume":"241","author":"Aroh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.7158\/14488388.2013.11464865","article-title":"Seasonal, diurnal and spatial variations of environmental variables in australian livestock buildings","volume":"10","author":"Banhazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.06.040","article-title":"Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a mechanically ventilated swine confinement building in North Carolina","volume":"42","author":"Blunden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172286","article-title":"Air quality, management practices and calf health in italian dairy cattle farms","volume":"12","author":"Bonizzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/data5020054","article-title":"Emissions from swine manure treated with current products for mitigation of odors and reduction of NH3, H2S, VOC, and GHG emissions","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2021-0015","article-title":"Emissions of gaseous pollutants from pig farms and methods for their reduction \u2013 a review","volume":"22","author":"Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Animal Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.3390\/s19173669","article-title":"Evaluation of a cost-effective ammonia monitoring system for continuous real-time concentration measurements in a fattening pig barn","volume":"19","author":"Zhuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.324","article-title":"Effect of gaseous hydrogen sulphide on growth performance and cecal microbial diversity of weaning pigs","volume":"2","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine And Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-025-01761-0","article-title":"Estimation of ammonia and methane concentrations in pig barns based on daily activities, physiological parameters and various growth phases of pigs","volume":"18","author":"Deb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-023-01352-x","article-title":"Emission of CO2 in a livestock barn based on diurnal activities and various growing stages of pigs","volume":"16","author":"Deb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0011","unstructured":"CIGR report, (2002). Climatization of animal houses. heat and moisture production at animal and house levels. 4th report of working group. Research Centre Bygholm, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 536, DK-8700 Horsens, Denmark, ISBN 87-88976-60-2."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0015","unstructured":"DIN 18910:2017-08 (2017). Thermal insulation for closed livestock buildings - Thermal insulation and ventilation - Principles for planning and design for closed ventilated livestock buildings. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.10.1723","article-title":"Association of environmental air contaminants with disease and productivity in swine","volume":"52","author":"Donham","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal Of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0017","first-page":"7421","article-title":"Welfare of pigs on farm","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13030442","article-title":"Continous measurement of ammonia at an intensive pig farm in Wuhan, China","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0019","first-page":"209","article-title":"Influence of hygrometry, temperature and air flow rate on the evolution of ammonia levels","volume":"28","author":"Granier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journ\u00e9es Rech Porcine en France"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0020","first-page":"21","article-title":"Do ammonia emission rates from forcedventilated barns in pig fattening and piglet rearing need to be reviewed?","volume":"79","author":"Hahne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Landtechnik"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112596","article-title":"Selenomethionine protects against ammonia-induced apoptosis through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pig kidneys","volume":"223","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.4490","article-title":"Atmospheric pollutants and trace gases \u2013 Ammonia emissions from swine houses in the southeastern United States","volume":"33","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal Of Environmental Quality"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.39829","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distributions of dust and ammonia concentrations in a swine building","volume":"54","author":"Jerez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transactions of the ASABE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2023.100376","article-title":"Assessment of ammonia distribution in a livestock farm using CFD simulations","volume":"7","author":"Konapathri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Agricultural Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0025","unstructured":"Laves (2021). Empfehlung f\u00fcr Stallklimapr\u00fcfungen in schweinehaltenden Betrieben [https:\/\/www.laves.niedersachsen.de\/startseite\/tiere\/tierschutz\/tierhaltung\/schweine\/empfehlung-fur-stallklimaprufungen-im-schweinestall-191738.html]. Accessed on date 14.04.2025. 10.1016\/j.mex.2026.103801."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.05.005","article-title":"Ammonia-induced oxidative stress triggered proinflammatory response and apoptosis in pig lungs","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15060584","article-title":"Evaluation of environmental quality in northernwinter fattening pig houses based on AHP-EWM","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.06.011","article-title":"Impact of particulate matter and ammonia on average daily weight gain, mortality and lung lesions in pigs","volume":"121","author":"Michiels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5450-5_79","article-title":"Technical possibilities to reduce ammonia emissions from animal husbandry","author":"Monterny","year":"1996","journal-title":"Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0030","unstructured":"Mosquera, J. Groenestein, K., Ogink, N., & Aarnink, A. (2012): Evaluation of the CO2 mass balance method to calculate ventilation rates from mechanically ventilated livestock buildings. An ASABE conference presentation, Paper Number ILES12-0476."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0031","first-page":"158","article-title":"CO2 measurements in a fattening pig house","volume":"3","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0032","first-page":"01","article-title":"Sampling and measurement of ammonia concentration at animal facilities \u2013 A review","author":"Ni","year":"2001","journal-title":"ASAE Annual International Meeting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0035","first-page":"3692","article-title":"Production of carbon dioxide in a fattening pig house under field conditions. I. Exhalation by pigs","volume":"33","author":"Ni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(99)00002-0","article-title":"Effect of manure on ammonia emission from a fattening pig house with partly slatted floor","volume":"59","author":"Ni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Livestock Production Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0037","article-title":"Carbon dioxide production in animal houses: A literature review","volume":"X","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Ejournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13010165","article-title":"Prediction of ammonia concentration in a pig house based on machine learning models and environmental parameters","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0039","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Distribution of particle and gas concentrations in swine gestation confined animal feeding operations","volume":"56","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Annals Of Occupational Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.12.012","article-title":"Comparison of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during the fattening of pigs, kept either on fully slatted floor or on deep litter","volume":"111","author":"Philippe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23382","article-title":"Chronic exposure to ammonia induces oxidative stress and enhanced glycolysis in lung of piglets","volume":"37","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10010107","article-title":"Evolution of NH3 concentrations in weaner pig buildings based on setpoint temperature","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.08.001","article-title":"A cross-sectional study for predicting tail-biting risk in pig farms using classification and regression tree analysis","volume":"146","author":"Scollo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pre-Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-018-9466-1","article-title":"The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture","volume":"17","author":"Sigurdarson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Re\/Views In Environmental Science And Bio\/Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(96)01048-9","article-title":"The preference of pigs for fresh air over ammoniated air","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0046","series-title":"5thInternational Conference of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","article-title":"Impact of environmental conditions on activity patterns in growing pigs","author":"Sturm","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030332","article-title":"Diet composition and using probiotics or symbiotics can modify the urinary and faecal nitrogen ratio of broiler chicken\u2019s excreta and also the dynamics of in vitro ammonia emission","volume":"13","author":"Such","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.58.11.1434","article-title":"Diurnal odor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide emission profiles of confined swine grower\/finisher rooms","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105297","article-title":"CFD simulation of airflows and ammonia emissions in a pig compartment with underfloor air distribution system: Model validation at different ventilation rates","volume":"171","author":"Tabase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.09.1335","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of aerial ammonia toxicity to the nasal mucosa by use of the nasal lavage method in pigs","volume":"55","author":"Urbain","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal Of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0052","first-page":"1605","article-title":"Aversion of Pigs and Domestic Fowl to Atmospheric Ammonia","volume":"45","author":"Whates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2023.105372","article-title":"Comparison of three different measuring devices of ammonia and evaluation of their suitability to assess animal welfare in pigs","volume":"279","author":"Witt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111870","article-title":"Ammonia exposure causes the disruption of the solute carrier family gene network in pigs","volume":"210","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2009.05.005","article-title":"Airflow characteristics at the surface of manure in a storage pit affected by ventilation rate, floor slat opening, and headspace height","volume":"104","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.103801","article-title":"Design, construction, and testing of a real-time ammonia measurement system using an electrochemical sensor: A Do-It-Yourself framework","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"MethodsX"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X26002449?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451943X26002449?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:26:34Z","timestamp":1791908794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451943X26002449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S2451943X26002449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-943X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of measurement method, measurement height, and sampling location on carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration in a conventional piglet nursery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary and Animal Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vas.2026.100815","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100815"}}