{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:37:35Z","timestamp":1790750255667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,4]],"date-time":"2005-04-04T13:29:06Z","timestamp":1112621346000},"page":"247-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Lymphocytes of dogs immunised with purified excreted-secreted antigens of Leishmania infantum co-incubated with Leishmania infected macrophages produce IFN gamma resulting in nitric oxide-mediated amastigote apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Holzmuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cavaleyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Moreaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vincendeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Papierok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-L.","family":"Lemesre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400951","article-title":"On the evolution of programmed cell death: apoptosis of the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania major involves cysteine proteinase activation and mitochondrion permeabilization","volume":"9","author":"Arnoult","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.1","article-title":"Studies on the control of visceral leishmaniasis: validation of the Falcon assay screening test\u2013enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST\u2013ELISA) for field diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"48","author":"Ashford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib3","first-page":"238","article-title":"Immune response to Leishmania infection Indian","volume":"119","author":"Awasthi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9292-2-6","article-title":"The role of apoptotic mimicry in host-parasite interplay: is death the only alternative for altruistic behavior?","volume":"2","author":"Barcinski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kinetoplastid Biol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.273","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis: identification of asymptomatic carriers by polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting","volume":"55","author":"Berrahal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1536-1632(03)00024-6","article-title":"Apoptosis: the complex scenario for a silent cell death","volume":"5","author":"Bohm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Imag. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00294-3","article-title":"Long lasting protection against canine kala-azar using the FML-QuilA saponin vaccine in an endemic area of Brazil (Sao Goncalo do Amarante, RN)","volume":"20","author":"Borja-Cabrera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.11.039","article-title":"Effective immunotherapy against canine visceral leishmaniasis with the FML-vaccine","volume":"22","author":"Borja-Cabrera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitric oxide production by Leishmania-infected macrophages and modulation by cytokines and prostaglandins","volume":"43","author":"Brandonisio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1985.11811940","article-title":"Electron microscopy of Leishmania donovani in splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during treatment with sodium stibogluconate","volume":"79","author":"Chulay","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4020","article-title":"Successful therapy of lethal murine visceral leishmaniasis with cystatin involves up-regulation of nitric oxide and a favorable T cell response","volume":"166","author":"Das","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00563-2","article-title":"Apoptotic mimicry by an obligate intracellular parasite downregulates macrophage microbicidal activity","volume":"11","author":"de Freitas Balanco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00046-X","article-title":"IgG1\/IgG2 antibody dichotomy in sera of vaccinated or naturally infected dogs with visceral leishmaniosis","volume":"21","author":"de Oliveira Mendes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00008-0","article-title":"Programmed cell death in trypanosomatids and other unicellular organisms","volume":"33","author":"Debrabant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1086\/516096","article-title":"Effect of eliminating seropositive canines on the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"25","author":"Dietze","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.125","article-title":"The logic of visceral leishmaniasis control","volume":"55","author":"Dye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.2.907","article-title":"Effect of in vivo inhibition of nitric oxide production in murine leishmaniasis","volume":"151","author":"Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9292-2-4","article-title":"Life after death: are trypanosomatids programmed to die for the survival of their partners?","volume":"2","author":"Fasel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kinetoplastid Biol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90511-1","article-title":"Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 2. Effectiveness of control measures against canine leishmaniasis in the Isle of Elba, Italy","volume":"82","author":"Gradoni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.1.278","article-title":"Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes by an l-arginine-dependent killing mechanism","volume":"144","author":"Green","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3727-3735.2002","article-title":"Nitric oxide-mediated proteasome-dependent oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes","volume":"70","author":"Holzmuller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00088-1","article-title":"The regulatory role of nitric oxide in apoptosis","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1979543277","article-title":"Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 10. Developmental stages and clinical characterization of canine leishmaniasis in relation to epidemiology","volume":"54","author":"Lanotte","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01421.x","article-title":"Fine-structural alterations in Leishmania tropica within human macrophages exposed to antileishmanial drugs in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Langreth","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib25","first-page":"441","article-title":"Immune responses in vaccinated dogs with autoclaved Leishmania major promastigotes","volume":"30","author":"Lasri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400952","article-title":"Programmed cell death in the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.49.1.73","article-title":"Killing of Leishmania parasites in activated murine macrophages is based on an l-arginine-dependent process that produces nitrogen derivatives","volume":"49","author":"Mauel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01637-9","article-title":"The strange case of Leishmania chagasi","volume":"16","author":"Mauricio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.41","article-title":"Leishmania spp: completely defined medium without serum and macromolecules (CDM\/LP) for the continuous in vitro cultivation of infective promastigote forms","volume":"60","author":"Merlen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401792","article-title":"Luteolin, an abundant dietary component is a potent anti-leishmanial agent that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated kinetoplast DNA cleavage leading to apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Mittra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.03.058","article-title":"Double-blind randomized efficacy field trial of alum precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with BCG against canine visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr district, I. R. Iran","volume":"22","author":"Mohebali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00315-X","article-title":"A Leishmania infantum multi-component antigenic protein mixed with live BCG confers protection to dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum","volume":"92","author":"Molano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90446-4","article-title":"Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus","volume":"88","author":"Molina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000300022","article-title":"Leishmania infantum, the aetiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL)?","volume":"82","author":"Momen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199605)167:2<305::AID-JCP15>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Heat shock induction of apoptosis in promastigotes of the unicellular organism Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis","volume":"167","author":"Moreira","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01477-5","article-title":"The human immune response during cutaneous leishmaniasis: NO problem","volume":"15","author":"Mossalayi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24717","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201961200","article-title":"Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels through the activation of non-selective cation channels induced by oxidative stress causes mitochondrial depolarization leading to apoptosis-like death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"277","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.05.006","article-title":"Programmed cell death in trypanosomatids: a way to maximize their biological fitness?","volume":"20","author":"Nguewa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(00)00026-6","article-title":"Nitric oxide production by macrophages of dogs vaccinated with killed Leishmania infantum promastigotes","volume":"24","author":"Panaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s005990050076","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in Leishmania infantum-infected human macrophages stimulated with interferon-gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide","volume":"29","author":"Panaro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979809034814","article-title":"Evaluation of nitric oxide production by Leishmania infantum-infected dog macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Panaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib42","first-page":"151","article-title":"Evaluation of killing, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production by Leishmania infantum-infected dog monocytes","volume":"95","author":"Panaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytobios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00312-5","article-title":"Infection of a canine macrophage cell line with Leishmania infantum: determination of nitric oxide production and anti-leishmanial activity","volume":"92","author":"Pinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250619","article-title":"Leishmania infantum-specific T cell lines derived from asymptomatic dogs that lyse infected macrophages in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted manner","volume":"25","author":"Pinelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.237-243.1999","article-title":"Compensation for decreased expression of B7 molecules on Leishmania infantum-infected canine macrophages results in restoration of parasite-specific T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production","volume":"67","author":"Pinelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1086\/319869","article-title":"Tissue cytokine responses in canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"183","author":"Quinnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00032-X","article-title":"Protection in dogs against visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is achieved by immunization with a heterologous prime-boost regime using DNA and vaccinia recombinant vectors expressing LACK","volume":"21","author":"Ramiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90120-4","article-title":"Leishmania infantum as a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"84","author":"Rioux","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00134-4","article-title":"Cytokine expression during the outcome of canine experimental infection by Leishmania infantum","volume":"88","author":"Santos-Gomes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2064-2069.2001","article-title":"Antimonial-mediated DNA fragmentation in Leishmania infantum amastigotes","volume":"45","author":"Sereno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00013-3","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Leishmania-infected dog macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Sisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270409","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 inhibit intracellular killing of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major by human macrophages by decreasing nitric oxide generation","volume":"27","author":"Vouldoukis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.1.253","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis: successful chemotherapy induces macrophage antileishmanial activity via the l-arginine nitric oxide pathway","volume":"40","author":"Vouldoukis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401071","article-title":"Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation: programmed cell death or necrosis?","volume":"9","author":"Zangger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242705000978?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242705000978?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T20:52:55Z","timestamp":1683060775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165242705000978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165242705000978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}