{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:31:11Z","timestamp":1777332671256,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T12:31:31Z","timestamp":1200918691000},"page":"45-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Lentivirus-induced immune dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2454-2459.2004","article-title":"Human CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells control T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus antigens","volume":"78","author":"Aandahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.11.5652-5655.1990","article-title":"Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"64","author":"Ackley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3143","article-title":"The prevalence of regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissue is correlated with viral load in HIV-infected patients","volume":"174","author":"Andersson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib4","first-page":"177","article-title":"AIDS as immune system activation. II. The panergic imnesia hypothesis","volume":"3","author":"Ascher","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4011-4019.2004","article-title":"Gamma interferon\/interleukin 10 balance in tissue lymphocytes correlates with down modulation of mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"78","author":"Avery","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib6","first-page":"219","article-title":"Acquired immune dysfunction in cats with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection: comparison of short-term and long-term infections","volume":"4","author":"Barlough","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.9.6199-6206.1996","article-title":"A longitudinal study of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in experimentally infected cats, using antigen-specific induction","volume":"70","author":"Beatty","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity","volume":"420","author":"Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.87","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus: an interesting model for AIDS studies and an important cat pathogen","volume":"8","author":"Bendinelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.1989","article-title":"Is CTLA-4 a master switch for peripheral T cell tolerance?","volume":"158","author":"Bluestone","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1032","article-title":"Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells","volume":"3","author":"Bluestone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1086\/513822","article-title":"Mucosally transmitted feline immunodeficiency virus induces a CD8+ antiviral response that correlates with reduction of cell-associated virus","volume":"177","author":"Bucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1086\/515699","article-title":"The CD8+ phenotype mediating antiviral activity in FIV-infected cats is characterized by reduced surface expression of the CD8 beta chain","volume":"178","author":"Bucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.01.010","article-title":"Spontaneous T cell apoptosis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats is inhibited by IL-2 and anti-B7.1 antibodies","volume":"99","author":"Bull","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220152741469","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus Gag- and Env-specific immune responses after vaginal versus intravenous infection","volume":"17","author":"Burkhard","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152","article-title":"Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25\u2212 naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.2.676-683.2000","article-title":"Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) soluble factor(s) produced from antigen-stimulated feline CD8(+) T lymphocytes suppresses FIV replication","volume":"74","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90208-3","article-title":"A TH1 to TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection","volume":"14","author":"Clerici","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114376","article-title":"Detection of three distinct patterns of T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositve patients","volume":"84","author":"Clerici","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib20","first-page":"3653","article-title":"A feline model of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"34","author":"Davidson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib21","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus predisposes cats to acute generalized toxoplasmosis","volume":"143","author":"Davidson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9436","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9436-9440.1998","article-title":"Cytokine response in multiple lymphoid tissues during the primary phase of feline immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"72","author":"Dean","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00148-2","article-title":"Effect of feline immunodeficiency virus on cytokine response to Listeria monocytogenes in vivo","volume":"65","author":"Dean","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1086\/503873","article-title":"Cytokine modulation of the innate immune response in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats","volume":"193","author":"Dean","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.7.1133","article-title":"Humoral immune response to feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with experimentally induced and naturally acquired infections","volume":"53","author":"Egberink","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.543","article-title":"Development of clinical disease in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"170","author":"English","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1086\/500368","article-title":"Premature induction of an immunosuppressive regulatory T cell response during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"193","author":"Estes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5149","article-title":"Cutting edge: TGF-beta induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25\u2212T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7","volume":"172","author":"Fantini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0295-129","article-title":"Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes","volume":"1","author":"Finkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib30","first-page":"626","article-title":"Polyclonal B-cell activation in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"81","author":"Flynn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00425-1","article-title":"Involvement of cytolytic and non-cytolytic T cells in the control of feline immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"85","author":"Flynn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4353","article-title":"Analysis of CD80 and CD86 expression on peripheral blood B lymphocytes reveals increased expression of CD86 in lupus patients","volume":"83","author":"Folzenlogen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1086\/315089","article-title":"Progressive expansion of an l-selectin-negative CD8 cell with anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) suppressor function in the circulation of FIV-infected cats","volume":"180","author":"Gebhard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8023143","article-title":"Lack of evidence for the dichotomy of TH1 and TH2 predominance in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"265","author":"Graziosi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib35","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Demonstration of cell death process by apoptosis in cat lymphocytes infected by FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)","volume":"316","author":"Guiot","year":"1993","journal-title":"C.R. Acad. Sci. III"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00006","article-title":"Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS","volume":"17","author":"Hazenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.4.2344-2348.1993","article-title":"Passive antibody protection of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"67","author":"Hohdatsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-11-2729","article-title":"Feline CD8+ T cell non-cytolytic anti-feline immunodeficiency virus activity mediated by a soluble factor(s)","volume":"79","author":"Hohdatsu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03446.x","article-title":"Ability of CD8(+) T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus activity correlated with peripheral CD4(+) T cell counts and plasma viremia","volume":"47","author":"Hohdatsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200205)32:5<1282::AID-IMMU1282>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated pulmonary hyperinflammation driven by Pneumocystis carinii in immunodeficient mice","volume":"32","author":"Hori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9226","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151174198","article-title":"Immunosuppression by CD4+ regulatory T cells induced by chronic retroviral infection","volume":"98","author":"Iwashiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.01.014","article-title":"Preferential replication of FIV in activated CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells independent of cellular proliferation","volume":"321","author":"Joshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20032069","article-title":"CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells from the peripheral blood of asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals regulate CD4+ and CD8+ HIV-specific T cell immune responses in vitro and are associated with favorable clinical markers of disease status","volume":"200","author":"Kinter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23006","article-title":"Antiinflammatory profiles during primary SIV infection in African green monkeys are associated with protection against AIDS","volume":"115","author":"Kornfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib45","first-page":"568","article-title":"Cytokine production by cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: a longitudinal study","volume":"85","author":"Lawrence","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200203080-00002","article-title":"CTLA-4 upregulation during HIV infection: association with anergy and possible target for therapeutic intervention","volume":"16","author":"Leng","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)10011-6","article-title":"Controlling HIV pathogenesis: the role of the noncytotoxic anti-HIV response of CD8+ cells","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/515632","article-title":"Elevated interleukin-10-to-interleukin-12 ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats predicts loss of type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"178","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2003.11.002","article-title":"Failure of FIV-infected cats to control Toxoplasma gondii correlates with reduced IL2, IL6, and IL12 and elevated IL10 expression by lymph node T cells","volume":"98","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4742","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.8.4742-4749.1993","article-title":"Identification of a linear neutralization site within the third variable region of the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope","volume":"67","author":"Lombardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-816","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology","volume":"2","author":"Maloy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199601000-00004","article-title":"Evidence for type 2 cytokine production and lymphocyte activiation in early phases of HIV-1 infection","volume":"10","author":"Meroni","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib53","first-page":"173","article-title":"Immunological abnormalities in the natural history of HIV infection: mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"3","author":"Miedema","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunodefic. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5555","article-title":"Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden","volume":"154","author":"Muro-Cacho","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.5.629","article-title":"Cell contact-dependent immunosuppression by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells is mediated by cell surface-bound transforming growth factor beta","volume":"194","author":"Nakamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.04.009","article-title":"Cornerstone of peripheral tolerance: naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"25","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780371113","article-title":"Elevated expression of CD80 (B7\/BB1) and other accessory molecules on synovial fluid mononuclear cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Ranheim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.295","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation","volume":"192","author":"Read","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00250-1","article-title":"Constitutive expression of types 1 and 2 cytokines by alveolar macrophages from feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats","volume":"79","author":"Ritchey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7852","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7852-7859.2005","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress in vitro proliferation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells during persistent hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"79","author":"Rushbrook","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases","volume":"155","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00125-1","article-title":"Apoptotic fraction in lymphoid tissue of FIV-infected SPF cats","volume":"64","author":"Sarli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1820104.x","article-title":"Control of T-cell activation by CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells","volume":"182","author":"Shevach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.4.2202-2208.1993","article-title":"A single amino acid substitution in hypervariable region 5 of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allows escape from virus neutralization","volume":"67","author":"Siebelink","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1820115.x","article-title":"Control of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells","volume":"182","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.9.5409-5417.1992","article-title":"Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cytolytic T-cell responses from experimentally infected cats","volume":"66","author":"Song","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1271","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from chronically infected cats are induced in vitro by retroviral vector-transduced feline T cells expressing the FIV capsid protein","volume":"209","author":"Song","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3400","article-title":"CD4 T cell depletion is linked directly to immune activation in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 but only indirectly to the viral load","volume":"169","author":"Sousa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.47","article-title":"Cytokine pattern in relation to disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children","volume":"175","author":"Than","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.287","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production","volume":"188","author":"Thornton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.10.1311","article-title":"Early events in the immunopathogenesis of feline retrovirus infections","volume":"199","author":"Tompkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1086\/339847","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by B7+CTLA4+ T cell apoptosis","volume":"185","author":"Tompkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.5.2225-2230.1991","article-title":"Progressive immune dysfunction in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"65","author":"Torten","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.6.1626-1629.1993","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"31","author":"Tozzini","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3065","article-title":"B7-H1 is up-regulated in HIV infection and is a novel surrogate marker of disease progression","volume":"101","author":"Trabattoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2003.12.006","article-title":"B7+CTLA4+ T cells engage in T\u2013T cell interactions that mediate apoptosis: A model for feline immunodeficiency-induced T cell depletion","volume":"98","author":"Vahlenkamp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4752","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4752","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection phenotypically and functionally activates immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells","volume":"172","author":"Vahlenkamp","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib78","series-title":"In Vivo Models of HIV Disease and Control","first-page":"239","article-title":"FIV as a model of AIDS pathogenesis studies","author":"Vahlenkamp","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19441","article-title":"Induction of FoxP3 and acquisition of T regulatory activity by stimulated human CD4+CD25\u2212 T cells","volume":"112","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0365","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-driven expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which suppress HIV-specific CD4 T-cell responses in HIV-infected patients","volume":"104","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib81","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infection with feline immunodeficiency virus is followed by the rapid expansion of a CD8+ lymphocyte subset","volume":"78","author":"Willett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.739","article-title":"Circulating and liver resident CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells actively influence the antiviral immune response and disease progression in patients with hepatitis B","volume":"177","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib83","first-page":"1246","article-title":"Pathogenesis of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats","volume":"49","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1991.7.911","article-title":"Experimental vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"7","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.5.3011-3017.1996","article-title":"Molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency virus NCSU1 JSY3 induces immunodeficiency in specific-pathogen-free cats.","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242708000159?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242708000159?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T12:43:57Z","timestamp":1708519437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165242708000159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165242708000159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}