{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:46:42Z","timestamp":1781246802391,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002847","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia, Spanish Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2011-27181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2011-27181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1440026206000},"page":"83-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Synergistic effects in the antiviral activity of the three Mx proteins from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"M.A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Trujillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2848-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-012-9478-8","article-title":"Antiviral specificity of the Solea senegalensis Mx protein constitutively expressed in CHSE-214 cells","volume":"15","author":"Alvarez-Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(96)01469-X","article-title":"A continuous cell line from the cultured marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)","volume":"150","author":"B\u00e9jar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0010","unstructured":"Borrego, J.J., Castro, D., Balebona, M.C., Garc\u00eda-Rosado, M.E., L\u00f3pez-Cort\u00e9s, L., 2000. Patolog\u00edas de la dorada. Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura y pesca."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01164.x","article-title":"A new genotype of Limphocystivirus isolated from cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup)","volume":"33","author":"Cano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3354\/dao047033","article-title":"Sea bream Sparus aurata, an asymptomatic contagious fish host for nodavirus","volume":"47","author":"Castric","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.07.001","article-title":"NK-like and oxidative burst activities are the main early cellular innate immune responses activated after virus inoculation in reservoir fish","volume":"25","author":"Esteban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.03.008","article-title":"Three Mx genes with differential response to VNNV infection have been identified in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","volume":"48","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Trujillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.07.023","article-title":"Differential antiviral activity of Mx1, Mx2 and Mx3 proteins from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) against Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV)","volume":"49","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Trujillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.06.018","article-title":"Mx1, Mx2 and Mx3 proteins from the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) show in vitro antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses","volume":"56","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Trujillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14303.x","article-title":"The in vitro cultivation of tissues and cells of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout","volume":"126","author":"Fryer","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.07.012","article-title":"Structure of myxovirus resistance protein a reveals intra- and intermolecular domain interactions required for the antiviral function","volume":"35","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0055","first-page":"53","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of lymphocystis virus (FLDV) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) using a new homologous cell line","volume":"19","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rosado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.03.031","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the Mx1, Mx2 and Mx3 promoters from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","volume":"38","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mariscal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.17.1.1084","article-title":"Mx proteins: mediators of innate resistance to RNA viruses","volume":"17","author":"Haller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. Int. Epizoot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.04.015","article-title":"Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense","volume":"89","author":"Haller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0076","article-title":"Human MxA protein: an interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with broad antiviral activity","volume":"31","author":"Haller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.12.014","article-title":"Effects of NV gene knock-out recombinant viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) on Mx gene expression in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(05)04055-3","article-title":"Assay and functional analysis of dynamin-like Mx proteins","volume":"404","author":"Kochs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7938","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.15.7938-7944.2004","article-title":"Inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus replication by Atlantic salmon Mx1 protein","volume":"78","author":"Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.01.014","article-title":"Development of an in vitro system to measure the sensitivity to the antiviral Mx protein of fish viruses","volume":"182","author":"Lester","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp074","article-title":"The evolutionarily dynamic IFN-inducible GTPase proteins play conserved immune functions in vertebrates and cephalochordates","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.005","article-title":"Evolution-guided identification of antiviral specificity determinants in the broadly acting interferon-induced innate immunity factor MxA","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Met."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.03.003","article-title":"Two Mx genes identified in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) respond differently to VNNV infection","volume":"153","author":"Novel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1982.tb00500.x","article-title":"An outbreak of lymphocystis in Sparus aurata L. in Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea","volume":"5","author":"Paperna","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00355-8","article-title":"Antigenic properties and experimental transmission to several fish species of a marine birnavirus isolated from sole (Solea senegalensis)","volume":"82","author":"P\u00e9rez-Prieto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0130","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method for estimating fifty percent end points","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(1997)009<0295:IAPCOA>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Isolation and preliminary characterization of a birnavirus from Solea senegalensis in Southwest Spain","volume":"9","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.778-809.2001","article-title":"Antiviral actions of interferons","volume":"14","author":"Samuel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09907","article-title":"A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response","volume":"472","author":"Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12862","article-title":"Pan-viral specificity of IFN-induced genes reveals new roles for cGAS in innate immunity","volume":"505","author":"Schoggins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.03.004","article-title":"The interplay between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the IFN system: IFN signalling is inhibited by IPNV infection","volume":"143","author":"Skjesol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2006.10.009","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo differential expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Mx isoforms in response to Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) G gene, poly I:C and VHSV","volume":"23","author":"Tafalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0165","first-page":"443","article-title":"Fish health challenge after stress. Indicators of immunocompetence","volume":"2","author":"Tort","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contrib. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.151.3713.1004","article-title":"Lymphocystis virus: isolation and propagation in centrarchid fish cell lines","volume":"151","author":"Wolf","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.09.012","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three Mx isoforms of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus","volume":"26","author":"Zenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242715001816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242715001816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T07:23:49Z","timestamp":1759044229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165242715001816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165242715001816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synergistic effects in the antiviral activity of the three Mx proteins from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}