{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:36:49Z","timestamp":1782297409958,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fund for Scientific and Technological Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2015 #2543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2015 #2543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007351","name":"University of Buenos Aires Secretariat of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03\/H278-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03\/H278-C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T22:10:44Z","timestamp":1757110244000},"page":"110997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of the efficacy of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA YOLK) administered by parenteral or mucosal routes against Brucella ovis in rams"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Celeste","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agostina","family":"Tammone Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucila","family":"Moriones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Nieto Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Agust\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Alberto","family":"Paolicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Andrea","family":"Fiorentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Gast\u00f3n","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Pablo","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Santiago","family":"Cacciato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Alberto","family":"Goldbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Zylberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina Paola","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Foscaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Mar\u00eda","family":"L\u00fctzelschwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n Santiago","family":"Marcipar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Marcela","family":"Estein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(82)90049-9","article-title":"Ovine contagious epididymitis: a review","volume":"7","author":"Burgess","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2197","article-title":"Economics of brucellosis impact and control in low-income countries","volume":"32","author":"McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.10.003","article-title":"Control and eradication of brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats","volume":"27","author":"Blasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(96)01110-5","article-title":"A review of the use of b. melitensis rev 1 vaccine in adult sheep and goats","volume":"31","author":"Blasco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.10.013","article-title":"Control of brucella ovis infection in sheep","volume":"27","author":"Ridler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(87)90029-0","article-title":"Immunization with brucella melitensis rev 1 against brucella ovis infection of rams","volume":"14","author":"Blasco","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0714-3","article-title":"Rev1 wbdr tagged vaccines against brucella ovis","volume":"50","author":"Arag\u00f3n-Aranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15406\/ijvv.2017.04.00090","article-title":"Vaccination for one health","volume":"4","author":"Francis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Vaccin. Vaccin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib9","unstructured":"Re-emergence of Brucella ovis infection in Arag\u00f3n (Spain) after the ban of Rev 1 vaccination In: International Brucellosis Society Meeting, Chicago, EEUU. \u3008https:\/\/citarea.cita-aragon.es\/items\/9f63ce76-5067-41b3-a403-3b377988e96d\u3009 (accessed 13 August 2025)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib10","first-page":"72","article-title":"Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against b. ovis infection in mice","volume":"45","author":"Soler-Llor\u00e9ns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00191-15","article-title":"Protection provided by an encapsulated live attenuated \u0394 abcba strain of brucella ovis against experimental challenge in a murine model","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccin. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136865","article-title":"Encapsulated brucella ovis lacking a putative ATP-Binding cassette transporter (\u0394abcBA) protects against wild type brucella ovis in rams","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02230","article-title":"Characterization of cell envelope multiple mutants of brucella ovis and assessment in mice of their vaccine potential","volume":"9","author":"Sidhu-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00824-7","article-title":"Disruption of pyruvate phosphate dikinase in brucella ovis PA CO2-dependent and independent strains generates attenuation in the mouse model","volume":"51","author":"Vizca\u00edno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.05.046","article-title":"Rev1\u0394wzm vaccine candidate is safe in young and adult sheep and protects against brucella ovis infection in rams","volume":"42","author":"Mena-Bueno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8874","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91571-3","article-title":"brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine as a cause of human brucellosis","volume":"342","author":"Blasco","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.10.042","article-title":"brucella outer membrane complex-loaded microparticles as a vaccine against brucella ovis in rams","volume":"24","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.172","article-title":"Acellular vaccines for ovine brucellosis: a safer alternative against a worldwide disease","volume":"11","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700208","article-title":"Identification and characterization of immunodominant antigens during the course of infection with brucella ovis","volume":"7","author":"Kittelberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)00075-8","article-title":"The recombinant Omp31 from brucella melitensis alone or associated with rough lipopolysaccharide induces protection against brucella ovis infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"5","author":"Estein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.05.004","article-title":"Immunogenicity of recombinant Omp31 from brucella melitensis in rams and serum bactericidal activity against b. ovis","volume":"102","author":"Estein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00472-06","article-title":"Improved immunogenicity of a vaccination regimen combining a DNA vaccine encoding brucella melitensis outer membrane protein 31 (Omp31) and recombinant Omp31 boosting","volume":"14","author":"Cassataro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccin. Immunol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.01.010","article-title":"Vaccination programs for reproductive disorders of small ruminants","volume":"130","author":"Menzies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01929-8","article-title":"Recombinant vaccines in 2022: a perspective from the cell factory","volume":"21","author":"de Pinho Favaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micro Cell Fact."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00317-8","article-title":"Identification of protective outer membrane antigens of by passive immunization of mice with monoclonal antibodies","volume":"2","author":"Bowden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20248","article-title":"Engineering of a polymeric bacterial protein as a scaffold for the multiple display of peptides","volume":"57","author":"Laplagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Protein. Struct. Funct. Bioinforma."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.049","article-title":"A DNA vaccine coding for the chimera BLSOmp31 induced a better degree of protection against b. ovis and a similar degree of protection against b. melitensis than Rev.1 vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Cassataro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.04.003","article-title":"Immune response and serum bactericidal activity against brucella ovis elicited using a short immunization schedule with the polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 in rams","volume":"154","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.097","article-title":"The polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 confers protection against brucella ovis infection in rams","volume":"27","author":"Estein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.041","article-title":"The vaccine candidate BLSOmp31 protects mice against brucella canis infection","volume":"31","author":"Clausse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1954.33163","article-title":"Production of immunity against ovine brucellosis","volume":"2","author":"Buddle","year":"1954","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00583-2","article-title":"Mucosal vaccines \u2014 fortifying the frontiers","volume":"22","author":"Lavelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.096","article-title":"Advances and challenges in mucosal adjuvant technology","volume":"33","author":"Newsted","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915547","article-title":"The common mucosal immune system and current strategies for induction of immune responses in external secretions","volume":"7","author":"Mestecky","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2039","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms of vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Pulendran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.09.004","article-title":"Evidence for a common mucosal immune system in the pig","volume":"66","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00579-0","article-title":"Experience with registered mucosal vaccines","volume":"21","author":"Dietrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.11.012","article-title":"Nanotechnology solutions for mucosal immunization","volume":"62","author":"Chadwick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.01.084","article-title":"Spray dried microspheres based on chitosan: a promising new carrier for intranasal administration of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 for prevention of ovine brucellosis","volume":"62","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.02.005","article-title":"Mucosal immunization with polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 using alternative delivery systems against brucella ovis in rams","volume":"209","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.07.004","article-title":"Immune response induced by conjunctival immunization with polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 using a thermoresponsive and mucoadhesive in situ gel as vaccine delivery system for prevention of ovine brucellosis","volume":"178","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.-X. Sun, Y. Xie, and Y.-P. Ye, \u201cISCOMs and ISCOMATRIXTM,\u201d Vaccine, vol. 27, no. 33, pp. 4388\u20134401, Jul. 2009, doi: 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.032..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.032"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA) administered by parenteral or mucosal routes against brucella ovis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"145","author":"Moran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2022.110460","article-title":"Development of low-cost cage-like particles to formulate veterinary vaccines","volume":"251","author":"Lupi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/518323","article-title":"Laboratory animal models for brucellosis research","volume":"2011","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12768","article-title":"Development and assessment of a new cage-like particle adjuvant","volume":"69","author":"Bertona","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib47","unstructured":"World Organization for Animal Health. Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis). Chapter 3.7.7. In: OIE Terrestrial Manual 2018. \u3008https:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/3.07.07_OVINE_EPID.pdf\u3009 (accessed 13 August 2025)."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00240-3","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 and Interleukin-4 mRNA expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant and non-pregnant cattle seropositive for bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"77","author":"Waldvogel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-3-18","article-title":"Differential cytokine gene expression profiles in the three pathological forms of sheep paratuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Smeed","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00119-6","article-title":"The rapid quantitative analysis of bovine cytokine genes by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"94","author":"Konnai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00090-1","article-title":"Analysis of the immune response in sheep efferent lymph during salmonella abortusovis infection","volume":"60","author":"Gohin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.01.001","article-title":"Effects of fenbendazole and triclabendazole on the expression of cytochrome P450 1A and flavin-monooxygenase isozymes in bovine precision-cut liver slices","volume":"245","author":"Mat\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(88)90233-6","article-title":"Relationships between semen culture and various semen and serology parameters","volume":"29","author":"Kott","year":"1988","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.9.e36","article-title":"Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in realtime PCR","volume":"30","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.059","article-title":"Applications of platform technologies in veterinary vaccinology and the benefits for one health","volume":"40","author":"Entrican","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30840-9","article-title":"Epididymitis in rams and lambs","volume":"6","author":"Bulgin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58003","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18217","article-title":"Trans-sialidase-based vaccine candidate protects against trypanosoma cruzi infection, not only inducing an effector immune response but also affecting cells with regulatory\/suppressor phenotype","volume":"8","author":"Prochetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00396","article-title":"A new Cage-Like particle adjuvant enhances protection of Foot-and-Mouth disease vaccine","volume":"7","author":"Bidart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2021.198339","article-title":"FMD empty capsids combined with the immunostant particle adjuvant -ISPA or ISA206 induce protective immunity against foot and mouth disease virus","volume":"297","author":"Bidart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"29\u201330","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.04.022","article-title":"Intranasal immunisation with toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite antigen encapsulated into PLG microspheres induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity in sheep","volume":"22","author":"Stanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104407118","article-title":"Circulating immunity protects the female reproductive tract from chlamydia infection","volume":"118","author":"Labuda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1202","article-title":"Bacterial transcytosis across conjunctival m cells","volume":"48","author":"Petris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2884-2890.1999","article-title":"Antibody responses in the lower respiratory tract and Male urogenital tract in humans after nasal and oral vaccination with cholera toxin b subunit","volume":"67","author":"Rudin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00347-09","article-title":"Nasolacrimal duct closure modulates ocular mucosal and systemic CD4 + T-Cell responses induced following topical ocular or intranasal immunization","volume":"17","author":"Chentoufi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26907.x","article-title":"The influence of muramyl dipeptide on the secretory immune response","volume":"409","author":"Butler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00200","article-title":"Antibodies and their receptors: different potential roles in mucosal defense","volume":"4","author":"Horton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1988.tb07348.x","article-title":"Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the reproductive tracts of rams naturally infected with brucella ovis","volume":"65","author":"Foster","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.08.006","article-title":"Mucosal immune system of cattle","volume":"35","author":"Chase","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.039","article-title":"Preputial cellular and antibody responses of bulls vaccinated and\/or challenged with tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"28","author":"Cobo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995327","article-title":"Live mucosal vaccination stimulates potent protection via varied CD4+ and CD8+ t cell subsets against wild-type brucella melitensis 16M challenge","volume":"13","author":"Goodwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1568545","article-title":"A review of the immunopathogenesis of brucellosis","volume":"51","author":"Amjadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.07.024","article-title":"Rough virulent strain of brucella ovis induces pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in reproductive tissues in experimentally infected rams","volume":"161","author":"Antunes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.08.009","article-title":"Immunoproteomic analysis of brucella melitensis and identification of a new immunogenic candidate protein for the development of brucellosis subunit vaccine","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.03.015","article-title":"Immunogenic and protective antigens of brucella as vaccine candidates","volume":"65","author":"Masjedian Jezi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib75","article-title":"Efficient immunization of BALB\/c mice against pathogenic brucella melitensis and b. ovis: comparing Cell-Mediated and protective immune responses elicited by pCDNA3.1 and pVAX1 DNA vaccines coding for Omp31 of brucella melitensis","volume":"19","author":"Harzandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.014","article-title":"Brucellosis vaccines based on the open Reading frames from genomic island 3 of brucella abortus","volume":"36","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2024023","article-title":"A subunit vaccine based on brucella rBP26 induces Th1 immune responses and M1 macrophage activation","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys. Sin."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.02.004","article-title":"Relative quantitative kinetics of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 mRNA and protein production by activated ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"136","author":"Wattegedera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0382-0","article-title":"Design and evaluation of a unique SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay for quantification of five major cytokines in cattle, sheep and goats","volume":"11","author":"Puech","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13112137","article-title":"brucella melitensis vaccines: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Naseer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.065","article-title":"Efficacy of bp26 and bp26\/omp31 b. melitensis Rev.1 deletion mutants against brucella ovis in rams","volume":"27","author":"Grill\u00f3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103900","article-title":"The 3Rs of animal research","volume":"76","author":"eBioMedicine","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242725001175?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165242725001175?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:54:47Z","timestamp":1772830487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165242725001175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0165242725001175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the efficacy of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA YOLK) administered by parenteral or mucosal routes against Brucella ovis in rams","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2025.110997","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110997"}}