{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:57:04Z","timestamp":1793854624771,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017YFD0500103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500103"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31572528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T21:52:57Z","timestamp":1554328377000},"page":"114-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Virulence evaluation of classical swine fever virus subgenotype 2.1 and 2.2 isolates circulating in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunbao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiumeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijiang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongji","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xubin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.07.046","article-title":"Two newly developed Erns-based ELISAs allow the differentiation of classical swine fever virus-infected from marker-vaccinated animals and the discrimination of pestivirus antibodies","volume":"161","author":"Aebischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E86","DOI":"10.3390\/v9040086","article-title":"Classical swine fever-an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Blome","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.9.6692-6696.1997","article-title":"Glycoprotein Erns of pestiviruses induces apoptosis in lymphocytes of several species","volume":"71","author":"Bruschke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.09.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the envelope glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus: recent isolates branched away from historical and vaccine strains","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-017-1442-2","article-title":"Genetic and virulence characterization of classical swine fever viruses isolated in Mongolia from 2007 to 2015","volume":"53","author":"Enkhbold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00411-4","article-title":"Classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine. Trial III. Evaluation of discriminatory ELISAs","volume":"83","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0035","first-page":"185","article-title":"Marker vaccines and companion diagnostic tests for classical swine fever","volume":"114","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00663.x","article-title":"Virulence of recent and former classical swine fever virus isolates evaluated by their clinical and pathological signs","volume":"50","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.05.008","article-title":"Virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates from Europe and other areas during 1996 until 2007","volume":"139","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.04.002","article-title":"Genetic diversity of subgenotype 2.1 isolates of classical swine fever virus","volume":"41","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-016-1350-x","article-title":"In vitro adaptation and genome analysis of a sub-subgenotype 2.1c isolate of classical swine fever virus","volume":"52","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00085","article-title":"Genetic diversity and positive selection analysis of classical swine fever virus envelope protein gene E2 in east China under C-Strain vaccination","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"179","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.10.025","article-title":"The challenges of classical swine fever control: modified live and E2 subunit vaccines","volume":"2014","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.12.006","article-title":"Studying classical swine fever virus: making the best of a bad virus","volume":"197","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis using E2 gene of classical swine fever virus reveals a new subgenotype in China","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00054-E","article-title":"Differentiation of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains using monoclonal antibodies against structural glycoproteins","volume":"47","author":"Kosmidou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.2.201","article-title":"Antigenic characterization of classical swine fever virus YC11WB isolates from wild boar","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.04.004","article-title":"Classical swine fever in China: a minireview","volume":"172","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12581","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a moderately virulent classical swine fever virus emerging in China","volume":"64","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12611","article-title":"The double-antigen ELISA concept for early detection of Erns-specific classical swine fever virus antibodies and application as an accompanying test for differentiation of infected from marker vaccinated animals","volume":"64","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00195-4","article-title":"Analysis of classical swine fever virus replicationkinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains","volume":"74","author":"Mittelholzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00112-0","article-title":"Clinical signs and epidemiology of classical swine fever: a review of new knowledge","volume":"165","author":"Moennig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0115","first-page":"449","article-title":"Influence of persistent HCV infection on sows reproduction ability and piglets HCLV immune efficacy (in Chinese)","volume":"35","author":"Ning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Veterinariaet Zootechnica Sinca"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.58.707","article-title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies against classical swine fever and their use for antigenic characterization of Japanese isolates","volume":"58","author":"Nishimori","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00141-3","article-title":"Genetic typing of classical swine fever virus","volume":"73","author":"Paton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-50","article-title":"Improved strategy for phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus based on full-length E2 encoding sequences","volume":"43","author":"Postel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.07.045","article-title":"Classical swine fever virus isolates from Cuba form a new subgenotype 1.4","volume":"161","author":"Postel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0140","first-page":"29","article-title":"Clinical healthy sows with persistent infection are the origin of CSF circulation in vaccinated swine farms (in Chinese)","volume":"3","author":"Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Swine Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3787-3796.2005","article-title":"The E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a virulence determinant in swine","volume":"79","author":"Risatti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0150","first-page":"589","article-title":"Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus: further characterization and induction of protective immunity","volume":"67","author":"R\u00fcmenapf","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000672","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: flaviviridae","volume":"98","author":"Simmonds","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0160","first-page":"607","article-title":"Retrospective study of porcine circovirus 3 infection in China. Transbound. Emerg","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00366-5","article-title":"Phylogenetic comparison of classical swine fever virus in China","volume":"81","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0170","series-title":"Classical Swine Fever (in Chinese)","first-page":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.02.013","article-title":"Annexin 2 is a host protein binding to classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein and promoting viral growth in PK-15 cells","volume":"201","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1504-2","article-title":"Complete genomic characteristics and pathogenic analysis of the newly emerged classical swine fever virus in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.02.011","article-title":"Antigenic differentiation of classical swine fever viruses in China by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"142","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113519302238?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113519302238?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:01:49Z","timestamp":1759878109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113519302238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0378113519302238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Virulence evaluation of classical swine fever virus subgenotype 2.1 and 2.2 isolates circulating in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}