{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:16:54Z","timestamp":1780640214399,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T11:38:20Z","timestamp":1567165100000},"page":"108403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Commercial E2 subunit vaccine provides full protection to pigs against lethal challenge with 4 strains of classical swine fever virus genotype 2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunbao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiumeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijiang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinliang","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xubin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00265-0","article-title":"Efficacy of the classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine Porcilis Pesti in pregnant sows","volume":"77","author":"Ahrens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0010","series-title":"Commission Decision of 1 February 2002 Approving a Diagnostic Manual Establishing Diagnostic Procedures, Sampling Methods and Criteria for Evaluation of the Laboratory Tests for the Confirmation of Classical Swine Fever","author":"Anonymous","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0457-y","article-title":"A decade of research into classical swine fever marker vaccine CP7_E2alf (Suvaxyn\u00ae CSF Marker): a review of vaccine properties","volume":"48","author":"Blome","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00410-2","article-title":"Classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine Trial II. Challenge study in pregnant sows","volume":"83","author":"Depner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00663.x","article-title":"Virulence of recent and former classical swine fever virus isolates evaluated by their clinical and pathological signs","volume":"50","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00411-4","article-title":"Classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine. Trial III. Evaluation of discriminatory ELISAs","volume":"83","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.05.008","article-title":"Virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates from Europe and other areas during 1996 until 2007","volume":"139","author":"Floegel-Niesmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.01.030","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of recombinant vaccines against classical swine fever virus: cellular responses also play a role in protection","volume":"177","author":"Ganges","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.029","article-title":"Characterization of vaccine-induced, broadly cross-reactive IFN-\u03b3 secreting T cell responses that correlate with rapid protection against classical swine fever virus","volume":"30","author":"Graham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.04.002","article-title":"Genetic diversity of subgenotype 2.1 isolates of classical swine fever virus","volume":"41","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-016-1350-x","article-title":"In vitro adaptation and genome analysis of a sub-subgenotype 2.1C isolate of classical swine fever virus","volume":"52","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.001","article-title":"Virulence evaluation of classical swine fever virus subgenotype 2.1 and 2.2 isolates circulating in China","volume":"232","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029310","article-title":"Challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after C-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity","volume":"7","author":"Graham","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00085","article-title":"Genetic diversity and positive selection analysis of classical swine fever virus envelope protein gene E2 in east China under C-strain vaccination","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106891","article-title":"Generation and efficacy evaluation of recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein expressed instable transgenic mammalian cell line","volume":"9","author":"Hua","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-115","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection decreases the efficacy of an attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0085","first-page":"164","article-title":"Reduction of classical swine fever virus-specific cell proliferative response of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Taiwan Vet. J."},{"issue":"179","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.10.025","article-title":"The challenges of classical swine fever control: modified live and E2 subunit vaccines","volume":"2014","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.9.5435-5442.1993","article-title":"Glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus expressed in insect cells protects swine from hog cholera","volume":"67","author":"Hulst","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.008","article-title":"Vaccination influences the evolution of classical swine fever virus","volume":"25","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis using E2 gene of classical swine fever virus reveals a new subgenotype in China","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11619","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11619-11625.2000","article-title":"Deletions of structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus strain alfort\/187 resolve a linear epitope of monoclonal antibody WH303 and the minimal N-terminal domain essential for binding immunoglobulin G antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum","volume":"74","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00266-2","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a classical swine fever subunit vaccine in pregnant sows and their offspring","volume":"77","author":"Lipowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.012","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of the C-strain-based vaccines against the subgenotype 2.1D classical swine fever virus emerging in China","volume":"201","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.04.004","article-title":"Classical swine fever in China: a minireview","volume":"172","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00195-4","article-title":"Analysis of classical swine fever virus replication kinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains","volume":"74","author":"Mittelholzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0823-4","article-title":"Pigs immunized with a novel E2 subunit vaccine are protected from subgenotype heterologous classical swine fever virus challenge","volume":"12","author":"Madera","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12611","article-title":"The double-antigen ELISA concept for early detection of Erns-specific classical swine fever virus antibodies and application as an accompanying test for differentiation of infected from marker vaccinated animals","volume":"64","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-12-3039","article-title":"Classical swine fever virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and identification of a T cell epitope","volume":"76","author":"Pauly","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2003013","article-title":"Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of d\/d histocompatible pigs against classical swine fever (CSF) virus","volume":"34","author":"Piriou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1463-z","article-title":"First molecular identification and characterization of classical swine fever virus isolates from Nepal","volume":"158","author":"Postel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.01.028","article-title":"An avirulent chimeric pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus","volume":"322","author":"Reimann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3787-3796.2005","article-title":"The E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a virulence determinant in swine","volume":"79","author":"Risatti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0170","first-page":"589","article-title":"Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus: further characterization and induction of protective immunity","volume":"67","author":"R\u00fcmenapf","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.81","article-title":"An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015","volume":"4","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.31.3.2173","article-title":"Evaluation of classical swine fever virus antibody detection assays with an emphasis on the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals","volume":"31","author":"Schroeder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000672","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: flaviviridae","volume":"98","author":"Simmonds","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0190","first-page":"174","article-title":"Changing pattern of classical swine fever virus genogroup from classical 1.1 to emerging 2.2 in India","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12853","article-title":"Retrospective study of porcine circovirus 3 infection in China","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00357-7","article-title":"The influence of maternal immunity on the efficacy of a classical swine fever vaccine against classical swine fever virus, genogroup 2.2, infection","volume":"92","author":"Suradhat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.10.003","article-title":"Factors critical for successful vaccination against classical swine fever in endemic areas","volume":"119","author":"Suradhat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00389-0","article-title":"The correlation of virus-specific interferon-gamma production and protection against classical swine fever virus infection","volume":"83","author":"Suradhat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.12.010","article-title":"Negative impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the efficacy of classical swine fever vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Suradhat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18698-0","article-title":"Upregulation of IL-10 gene expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"84","author":"Suradhat","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00366-5","article-title":"Phylogenetic comparison of classical swine fever virus in China","volume":"81","author":"Tu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.09.008","article-title":"Vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field","volume":"96","author":"Van Oirschot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0235","first-page":"18","article-title":"Protective efficacy of the classical swine fever E2 subunit vaccine in experimentally infected pigs","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.12.029","article-title":"Sub-subgenotype 2.1C isolates of classical swine fever virus are dominant in Guangdong province of China, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.030","article-title":"Enhanced protective immunity to CSFV E2 subunit vaccine by using IFN-\u03b3 as immunoadjuvant in weaning piglets","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113519308235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113519308235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:02:12Z","timestamp":1759878132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113519308235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0378113519308235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Commercial E2 subunit vaccine provides full protection to pigs against lethal challenge with 4 strains of classical swine fever virus genotype 2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108403","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108403"}}