{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:08:03Z","timestamp":1785838083653,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T11:05:35Z","timestamp":1598699135000},"page":"108832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multifaceted Immune Responses to African Swine Fever Virus: Implications for Vaccine Development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Ji","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01293-18","article-title":"A proteomic atlas of the African swine fever virus particle","volume":"92","author":"Alejo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.12.006","article-title":"African swine fever virus-cell interactions: from virus entry to cell survival","volume":"173","author":"Alonso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040942","article-title":"DNA vaccination partially protects against African swine fever virus lethal challenge in the absence of antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Argilaguet","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040035","article-title":"Approaches and Perspectives for development of African swine fever virus vaccines","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090789","article-title":"Crystal structure of African swine fever virus A179L with the autophagy regulator beclin","volume":"11","author":"Banjara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar","volume":"173","author":"Blome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.05.051","article-title":"Modern adjuvants do not enhance the efficacy of an inactivated African swine fever virus vaccine preparation","volume":"32","author":"Blome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80058-0","article-title":"Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from Ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in Portugal","volume":"85","author":"Boinas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2881-2889.1998","article-title":"Deletion of a CD2-like gene, 8-DR, from African swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine","volume":"72","author":"Borca","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57455-3","article-title":"Deletion of CD2-like gene from the genome of African swine fever virus strain Georgia does not attenuate virulence in swine","volume":"10","author":"Borca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02017","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02017-19","article-title":"Development of a highly effective African swine fever virus vaccine by deletion of the I177L gene results in sterile immunity against the current epidemic Eurasia strain","volume":"94","author":"Borca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112240","article-title":"Innate immune pattern recognition: a cell biological perspective","volume":"33","author":"Brubaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10227","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.10227-10233.1998","article-title":"Functionality and cell anchorage dependence of the African swine fever virus gene A179L, a viral Bcl-2 homolog, in insect cells","volume":"72","author":"Brun","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00119-20","article-title":"The African swine fever virus transcriptome","volume":"94","author":"Cackett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030171","article-title":"Adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus antigens cocktail is not protective against virulent Arm07 isolate in Eurasian wild boar","volume":"9","author":"Cadenas-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(92)90040-Z","article-title":"Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets proliferating in response to infective and UV-inactivated African swine fever viruses","volume":"33","author":"Canals","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/v8100291","article-title":"Association of the host immune response with protection using a live attenuated African swine fever virus model","volume":"8","author":"Carlson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1657-9","article-title":"A seven-gene-deleted African swine fever virus is safe and effective as a live attenuated vaccine in pigs","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.013","article-title":"Identification and utility of innate immune system evasion mechanisms of ASFV","volume":"173","author":"Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0894-7","article-title":"A novel TLR3 inhibitor encoded by African swine fever virus (ASFV)","volume":"156","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-04140-6","article-title":"Interaction of historical and modern Sardinian African swine fever viruses with porcine and wild-boar monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"164","author":"Dei-Giudici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.02.018","article-title":"African swine fever","volume":"165","author":"Dixon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.020","article-title":"African swine fever virus replication and genomics","volume":"173","author":"Dixon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.04.002","article-title":"African swine fever virus evasion of host defences","volume":"266","author":"Dixon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.012","article-title":"Antibody-mediated neutralization of African swine fever virus: myths and facts","volume":"173","author":"Escribano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090846","article-title":"A deep-sequencing workflow for the fast and efficient generation of high-quality African swine fever virus whole-genome sequences","volume":"11","author":"Forth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.12.010","article-title":"Characterization of the interaction of African swine fever virus with monocytes and derived macrophage subsets","volume":"198","author":"Franzoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.021","article-title":"Interaction of porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells with African swine fever viruses of diverse virulence","volume":"216","author":"Franzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030209","article-title":"Comparison of macrophage responses to African swine fever viruses reveals that the NH\/P68 Strain is associated with enhanced sensitivity to type I IFN and cytokine responses from classically activated macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Franzoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.01.050","article-title":"A179L, a viral Bcl-2 homologue, targets the core Bcl-2 apoptotic machinery and its upstream BH3 activators with selective binding restrictions for Bid and Noxa","volume":"375","author":"Galindo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.950-956.2006","article-title":"Antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of African swine fever virus protein pp62 expressed in insect cells","volume":"44","author":"Gallardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.025874-0","article-title":"African swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site","volume":"92","author":"Gallardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00408-08","article-title":"Recombinant antigen targets for serodiagnosis of African swine fever","volume":"16","author":"Gallardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13132","article-title":"Attenuated and non-haemadsorbing (non-HAD) genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolated in Europe, Latvia 2017","volume":"66","author":"Gallardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02298-18","article-title":"African swine fever virus Armenia\/07 Virulent strain controls interferon beta production through the cGAS-STING pathway","volume":"93","author":"Garc\u00eda-Belmonte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020056","article-title":"Subunit vaccine approaches for African swine fever virus","volume":"7","author":"Gaudreault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz8590","article-title":"No hasty solutions for African swine fever","volume":"367","author":"Gavier-Wid\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0196-5","article-title":"The low-virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV\/NH\/P68) induces enhanced expression and production of relevant regulatory cytokines (IFNalpha, TNFalpha and IL12p40) on porcine macrophages in comparison to the highly virulent ASFV\/L60","volume":"153","author":"Gil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020234","article-title":"A pool of eight virally vectored African swine fever antigens protect pigs against fatal disease","volume":"8","author":"Goatley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9068","article-title":"The African swine fever virus proteins p54 and p30 are involved in two distinct steps of virus attachment and both contribute to the antibody-mediated protective immune response","volume":"243","author":"G\u00f3mez-Puertas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5689-5694.1996","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies to different proteins of African swine fever virus inhibit both virus attachment and internalization","volume":"70","author":"G\u00f3mez-Puertas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.01.017","article-title":"Pathology of African swine fever: the role of monocyte-macrophage","volume":"173","author":"G\u00f3mez-Villamandos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.451","article-title":"The viral protein A238L inhibits TNF-alpha expression through a CBP\/p300 transcriptional coactivators pathway","volume":"176","author":"Granja","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10487","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00862-06","article-title":"Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by viral A238L-mediated inhibition of p65\/RelA acetylation and p300 transactivation","volume":"80","author":"Granja","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103593","article-title":"Transmission routes of African swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions","volume":"178","author":"Guinat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0246-z","article-title":"Expression, cellular localization and antibody responses of the African swine fever virus genes B602L and K205R","volume":"153","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01557-09","article-title":"Dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis in African swine fever virus entry","volume":"84","author":"Hernaez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.11.030","article-title":"The use of COS-1 cells for studies of field and laboratory African swine fever virus samples","volume":"164","author":"Hurtado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon responses","volume":"14","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123","article-title":"Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50403-w","article-title":"Risk of African swine fever virus introduction into the United States through smuggling of pork in air passenger luggage","volume":"9","author":"Jurado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E864","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090864","article-title":"An update on African swine fever virology","volume":"11","author":"Karger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32985-z","article-title":"The intracellular proteome of African swine fever virus","volume":"8","author":"Ke\u00dfler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.052","article-title":"Protection of European domestic pigs from virulent African isolates of African swine fever virus by experimental immunisation","volume":"29","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-6-1331","article-title":"Identification of the principal serological immunodeterminants of African swine fever virus by screening a virus cDNA library with antibody","volume":"83","author":"Kollnberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03250-14","article-title":"The progressive adaptation of a Georgian isolate of African swine fever virus to Vero cells leads to a gradual attenuation of virulence in swine corresponding to major modifications of the viral genome","volume":"89","author":"Krug","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0275-z","article-title":"Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection","volume":"46","author":"Lacasta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-3-513","article-title":"The non-haemadsorbing African swine fever virus isolate ASFV\/NH\/P68 provides a model for defining the protective anti-virus immune response","volume":"82","author":"Leit\u00e3o","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.11.004","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the African swine fever virus","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.06.006","article-title":"Adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus antigen cocktails are immunogenic but not protective against intranasal challenge with Georgia 2007\/1 isolate","volume":"235","author":"Lokhandwala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00395-16","article-title":"Induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus antigens","volume":"23","author":"Lokhandwala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177007","article-title":"Adenovirus-vectored novel African swine fever virus antigens elicit robust immune responses in swine","volume":"12","author":"Lokhandwala","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092917-043244","article-title":"Innate sensing of DNA virus genomes","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109869","article-title":"Identification of a universal group B streptococcus vaccine by multiple genome screen","volume":"309","author":"Maione","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.03.022","article-title":"The porcine innate immune system: an update","volume":"45","author":"Mair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01316896","article-title":"African swine fever virus specific porcine cytotoxic T cell activity","volume":"129","author":"Martins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60714-9","article-title":"African swine fever","volume":"35","author":"Mebus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01058-17","article-title":"BA71\u0394CD2: a new recombinant live attenuated African swine fever virus with cross-protective capabilities","volume":"91","author":"Monteagudo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190080","article-title":"Genetic diversity, breed composition and admixture of Kenyan domestic pigs","volume":"13","author":"Mujibi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12303","article-title":"Immunization of African indigenous pigs with attenuated genotype I African swine fever virus OURT88\/3 induces protection against challenge with virulent strains of genotype I. Transbound","volume":"63","author":"Mulumba-Mfumu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154366","article-title":"Antiviral role of IFITM proteins in African swine fever virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Moreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01253.x","article-title":"Quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of African swine fever virus into the European Union by legal import of live pigs","volume":"59","author":"Mur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.011","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies to African swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection","volume":"319","author":"Neilan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00781-08","article-title":"Inhibition of a large double-stranded DNA virus by MxA protein","volume":"83","author":"Netherton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01318","article-title":"Identification and immunogenicity of African swine fever virus antigens","volume":"10","author":"Netherton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.6.2535-2543.2001","article-title":"African swine fever virus IAP homologue inhibits caspase activation and promotes cell survival in mammalian cells","volume":"75","author":"Nogal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00554-15","article-title":"African swine fever virus Georgia isolate harboring deletions of MGF360 and MGF505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8556","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00969-15","article-title":"African swine fever virus Georgia 2007 with a deletion of virulence-associated gene 9GL (B119L), when administered at low doses, leads to virus attenuation in swine and induces an effective protection against homologous challenge","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.05.014","article-title":"African swine fever virus Georgia isolate harboring deletions of 9GL and MGF360\/505 genes is highly attenuated in swine but does not confer protection against parental virus challenge","volume":"221","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0405","article-title":"Simultaneous deletion of the 9GL and UK genes from the African swine fever virus Georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge","volume":"91","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1040","article-title":"Passively transferred African swine fever virus antibodies protect swine against lethal infection","volume":"198","author":"Onisk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81038-0","article-title":"In vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to African swine fever virus","volume":"86","author":"Oura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13117","article-title":"Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio-economic imperatives","volume":"66","author":"Penrith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13503","article-title":"The African swine fever virus isolate Belgium 2018\/1 shows high virulence in European wild boar","author":"Pikalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.04.001","article-title":"Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar - Lessons learned from recent animal trials","volume":"271","author":"Pikalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.070508-0","article-title":"Related strains of African swine fever virus with different virulence: genome comparison and analysis","volume":"96","author":"Portugal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070599","article-title":"Differential effect of the deletion of African swine fever virus virulence-associated genes in the Induction of attenuation of the highly virulent Georgia strain","volume":"11","author":"Ramirez-Medina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82857-0","article-title":"Systematic analysis of longitudinal serological responses of pigs infected experimentally with African swine fever virus","volume":"88","author":"Reis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12597","article-title":"Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview","volume":"148","author":"Riera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.10.003","article-title":"Challenges for African swine fever vaccine development\u2014\"\u2026 perhaps the end of the beginning","volume":"206","author":"Rock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.8.3936-3942.2002","article-title":"African swine fever virus IAP-like protein induces the activation of nuclear factor kappa B","volume":"76","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.002","article-title":"Recognition of endogenous nucleic acids by the innate immune system","volume":"44","author":"Roers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.09.009","article-title":"Autophagy, apoptosis, and the influenza virus M2 protein","volume":"6","author":"Rossman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.02.012","article-title":"Cytokine mRNA expression and pathological findings in pigs inoculated with African swine fever virus (E-70) deleted on A238L","volume":"124","author":"Salguero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.11.004","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines induce lymphocyte apoptosis in acute African swine fever infection","volume":"132","author":"Salguero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.03.022","article-title":"Development of vaccines against African swine fever virus","volume":"265","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.025","article-title":"African swine fever virus controls the host transcription and cellular machinery of protein synthesis","volume":"173","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002754","article-title":"African swine fever virus uses macropinocytosis to enter host cells","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.11.021","article-title":"Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88\/3","volume":"138","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01293.x","article-title":"African swine fever: an epidemiological update","volume":"59","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090866","article-title":"African swine fever: fast and furious or slow and steady?","volume":"11","author":"Schulz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.167","article-title":"Type I\/II cytokines, JAKs, and (ASFV\/NH\/P68) induces enhanced expression diseases","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82358-0","article-title":"African swine fever virus A238L inhibitor of NF-kappaB and of calcineurin phosphatase is imported actively into the nucleus and exported by a CRM1-mediated pathway","volume":"88","author":"Silk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197667","article-title":"African swine fever virus replication events and cell nucleus: New insights and perspectives","volume":"270","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12250","article-title":"Vaccine potential of two previously uncharacterized African swine fever virus Isolates from southern Africa and heterologous cross protection of an avirulent European Isolate","volume":"63","author":"Souto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0535","first-page":"475","article-title":"Antibody response to inactivated preparations of African swine fever virus in pigs","volume":"28","author":"Stone","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2129","article-title":"Correlates of protective immunity for Ebola vaccines: implications for regulatory approval by the animal rule","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7010012","article-title":"DNA-Protein vaccination strategy does not protect from challenge with African swine fever virus Armenia 2007 strain","volume":"7","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.11.009","article-title":"Cellular immunity in ASFV responses","volume":"173","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053411","article-title":"CD4 Helper and CD8 Cytotoxic T Cell Differentiation","volume":"36","author":"Taniuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1439","article-title":"Architecture of African swine fever virus and implications for viral assembly","volume":"366","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0495-3","article-title":"African swine fever: an unprecedented disaster and challenge to China","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32743-7","article-title":"Lymphocyte responses to African swine fever virus infection","volume":"28","author":"Wardley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2650-5","article-title":"Current status of African swine fever virus in a population of wild boar in eastern Poland (2014-2015)","volume":"161","author":"Wo\u017aniakowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2401-7","article-title":"A study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with African swine fever virus genotype II","volume":"160","author":"Zakaryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10681","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01027-10","article-title":"The African swine fever virus DP71L protein recruits the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit to dephosphorylate eIF2alpha and inhibits CHOP induction but is dispensable for these activities during virus infection","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1590128","article-title":"Replication and virulence in pigs of the first African swine fever virus isolated in China","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12989","article-title":"Emergence of African swine fever in China, 2018","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223955","article-title":"Mechanisms of African swine fever virus pathogenesis and immune evasion inferred from gene expression changes in infected swine macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.2.1028-1035.1998","article-title":"A nonessential African swine fever virus gene UK is a significant virulence determinant in domestic swine","volume":"72","author":"Zsak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8865","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8865-8871.1996","article-title":"An African swine fever virus virulence-associated gene NL-S with similarity to the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 gene","volume":"70","author":"Zsak","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113520309706?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113520309706?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:10:01Z","timestamp":1759878601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113520309706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0378113520309706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multifaceted Immune Responses to African Swine Fever Virus: Implications for Vaccine Development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108832","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108832"}}