{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:59:12Z","timestamp":1777870752888,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6040-32000-083-000D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6040-32000-083-000D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/9\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/9\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T19:15:02Z","timestamp":1745867702000},"page":"110532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of Ikaros (IKZF1) gene in the virulence of Marek\u2019s disease virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"305","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taejoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Niikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cari J.","family":"Hearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib1","series-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56863-3_1","article-title":"The history and biology of Marek's disease virus","author":"Biggs","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.646238","article-title":"The long view: 40 years of Marek's disease research and Avian Pathology","volume":"41","author":"Biggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11142","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01393-09","article-title":"Homodimerization of the Meq viral oncoprotein is necessary for induction of T-cell lymphoma by Marek's disease virus","volume":"83","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459608419144","article-title":"Sequential skin lesions in chickens experimentally infected with Marek's disease virus","volume":"25","author":"Cho","year":"1996","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00658-19","article-title":"A common live-attenuated avian herpesvirus vaccine expresses a very potent oncogene","volume":"4","author":"Conradie","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009104","article-title":"Distinct polymorphisms in a single herpesvirus gene are capable of enhancing virulence and mediating vaccinal resistance","volume":"16","author":"Conradie","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib7","first-page":"169","article-title":"Construction and characterization of a H19 epitope point mutant of MDV CVI988\/Rispens strain","volume":"43","author":"Cui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90407-3","article-title":"The Ikaros gene is required for the development of all lymphoid lineages","volume":"79","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1439790","article-title":"Ikaros, an early lymphoid-specific transcription factor and a putative mediator for T cell commitment","volume":"258","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500179715","article-title":"Novel criteria for the diagnosis of Marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas","volume":"34","author":"Gimeno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2007)51[713:MDVSLI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Marek\u2019s disease virus-induced skin leukosis in scaleless chickens: tumor development in the absence of feather follicles","volume":"51","author":"Heidari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.11.005","article-title":"The Ikaros family in lymphocyte development","volume":"51","author":"Heizmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abi7160","article-title":"Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T\/B cell late differentiation","volume":"7","author":"Hoshino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1637\/9534-091710-ResNote.1","article-title":"Serial transfer of a transplantable tumor: implications for Marek's vaccine mechanisms","volume":"55","author":"Hunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.03.006","article-title":"The Ikaros gene family: transcriptional regulators of hematopoiesis and immunity","volume":"48","author":"John","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.9.4042","article-title":"Marek's disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos\/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in lymphoblastoid tumors","volume":"89","author":"Jones","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001403","article-title":"Vaccinal efficacy of molecularly cloned Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301B\/1 against very virulent Marek's disease virus challenge","volume":"101","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.05.043","article-title":"Cell culture attenuation eliminates rMd5DeltaMeq-induced bursal and thymic atrophy and renders the mutant virus as an effective and safe vaccine against Marek's disease","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.11.022","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of vaccine efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus vaccine lacking Meq oncogene in commercial chickens","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.2.1003","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for three different serotypes of Marek's disease viruses in chickens","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.01.046","article-title":"Recombinant Marek's disease virus (MDV) lacking the Meq oncogene confers protection against challenge with a very virulent plus strain of MDV","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.287","article-title":"Difference in the meq gene between oncogenic and attenuated strains of Marek's disease virus serotype 1","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-2","article-title":"Deletion of the Meq gene significantly decreases immunosuppression in chickens caused by pathogenic Marek's disease virus","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80792-2","article-title":"Marek's disease virus Meq oncoprotein interacts with chicken HDAC 1 and 2 and mediates their degradation via proteasome dependent pathway","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.388-395.1998","article-title":"Transforming potential of the herpesvirus oncoprotein MEQ: morphological transformation, serum-independent growth, and inhibition of apoptosis","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404508101","article-title":"Marek's disease virus-encoded Meq gene is involved in transformation of lymphocytes but is dispensable for replication","volume":"101","author":"Lupiani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib27","series-title":"Marek\u2019s disease: An Evolving Problem","first-page":"49","article-title":"Marek\u2019s disease: a worldwide problem, In: Davison, F., Nair, V. (Eds.)","author":"Morrow","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06866","article-title":"BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the deletion of Ikaros","volume":"453","author":"Mullighan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib29","first-page":"548","article-title":"Neoplastic Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Nair","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.026864-0","article-title":"Virulent Marek's disease virus generated from infectious bacterial artificial chromosome clones with complete DNA sequence and the implication of viral genetic homogeneity in pathogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Niikura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib31","series-title":"Marek's Disease: An Evolving Problem","first-page":"17","article-title":"The genome content of Marek's disease-like viruses","author":"Osterrieder","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)05411-K","article-title":"Differences in distribution of lymphocyte antigens in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells","volume":"48","author":"Parmentier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01299","article-title":"Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors: regulators of cytokine signaling pathways and CD4(+) T helper cell differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Powell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.06.007","article-title":"Comparative analysis of Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein-, lytic antigen pp38- and transformation antigen Meq-encoding genes: association of meq mutations with MDVs of high virulence","volume":"102","author":"Shamblin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1637\/9048-090409-Reg.1","article-title":"A MEQ-deleted Marek's disease virus cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome is a highly efficacious vaccine","volume":"54","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib36","series-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56863-3_6","article-title":"The genomic structure of Marek's disease virus","author":"Silva","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020401","article-title":"Identification and validation of Ikaros (IKZF1) as a cancer driver gene for Marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas","volume":"10","author":"Steep","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01630-08","article-title":"Homodimerization of Marek's disease virus-encoded Meq protein is not sufficient for transformation of lymphocytes in chickens","volume":"83","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.01.006","article-title":"Both homo and heterodimers of Marek's disease virus encoded Meq protein contribute to transformation of lymphocytes in chickens","volume":"399","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.059","article-title":"Attenuation of a recombinant Marek's disease virus lacking the meq oncogene and evaluation on its immune efficacy against Marek's disease virus","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5358","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00920.x","article-title":"Zinc finger-mediated protein interactions modulate Ikaros activity, a molecular control of lymphocyte development","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.01.011","article-title":"Expression of Marek's disease virus oncoprotein Meq during infection in the natural host","volume":"503","author":"Tai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2144\/000112096","article-title":"Two-step red-mediated recombination for versatile high-efficiency markerless DNA manipulation in Escherichia coli","volume":"40","author":"Tischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7980","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.7980-7988.2000","article-title":"The genome of a very virulent Marek's disease virus","volume":"74","author":"Tulman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100677","article-title":"IKZF1 alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"44","author":"Vairy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90170-1","article-title":"A dominant mutation in the Ikaros gene leads to rapid development of leukemia and lymphoma","volume":"83","author":"Winandy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/03079458408418510","article-title":"Polyvalent Marek's disease vaccines: safety, efficacy and protective synergism in chickens with maternal antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Witter","year":"1984","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525001671?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525001671?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:38:26Z","timestamp":1777567106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113525001671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0378113525001671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Ikaros (IKZF1) gene in the virulence of Marek\u2019s disease virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110532","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110532"}}