{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:34:51Z","timestamp":1793831691468,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T20:30:48Z","timestamp":1745958648000},"page":"110541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial species isolated from canine and feline urine samples in Sydney, Australia, 2012\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Annie Y.","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate A.","family":"Worthing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib1","unstructured":"\"University of Melbourne Australian Veterinary Prescribing Guidelines, Dogs and Cats.\" \u3008https:\/\/vetantibiotics.fvas.unimelb.edu.au\/about\/resources\/\u3009 (accessed 7 May 2022)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121730","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial uropathogens isolated from dogs and cats","volume":"11","author":"Aurich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib3","unstructured":"Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. (2018).\u00a0Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra, Australia. Retrieved 1 July from https:\/\/www.amr.gov.au\/resources\/importance-ratings-and-summary-antibacterial-uses-human-and-animal-health-australia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01797.x","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors for urinary tract infection in cats with diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Bailiff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5805","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and pharmacodynamics of canine and feline pathogenic E. coli in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Boothe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.11.005","article-title":"Urinary tract infection","volume":"49","author":"Byron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091140","article-title":"A retrospective study of antimicrobial resistant bacteria associated with feline and canine urinary tract infection in Hong Kong SAR, China\u2014a case study on implication of first-line antibiotics use","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib8","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-third informational supplement","volume":"33","author":"CLSI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Stand. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib9","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals","volume":"38","author":"CLSI","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Stand. Inst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200719","article-title":"Temporal trends and predictors of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory","volume":"13","author":"Conner","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw029","article-title":"Trends and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical staphylococci isolated from companion animals over a 16 year period","volume":"71","author":"Couto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib12","first-page":"393","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance trends among canine Escherichia coli isolates obtained from clinical samples in the northeastern USA, 2004-2011","volume":"56","author":"Cummings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.60","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections in companion animals in Spain","volume":"188","author":"Darwich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101454","article-title":"Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe","volume":"173","author":"De Briyne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102630","article-title":"Feline urinary tract pathogens: prevalence of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance over a 10-year period","volume":"176","author":"Dorsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib16","article-title":"Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice: perspectives from australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists","volume":"9","author":"Fawcett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13406","article-title":"Results of urinary bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing of dogs and cats in the UK","volume":"62","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2008.00270.x","article-title":"Susceptibility of canine and feline Escherichia coli and canine Staphylococcus intermedius isolates to fluoroquinolones","volume":"86","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i1.28","article-title":"Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections","volume":"21","author":"Guclu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101482","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of canine urinary tract pathogens","volume":"173","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14733","article-title":"Antimicrobial prescribing in dogs and cats in australia: results of the australasian infectious disease advisory panel survey","volume":"31","author":"Hardefeldt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2021.100512","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of urinary tract infection in owned dogs and cats From Spain","volume":"43","author":"Hernando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.04.015","article-title":"Characterization of canine and feline methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) from Thailand","volume":"194","author":"Kadlec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16711","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained from cats (2013-2020)","volume":"37","author":"Koontz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15674","article-title":"Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance in urinary Escherichia coli antibiograms of cats and dogs from the Midwestern United States","volume":"34","author":"KuKanich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02327.x","article-title":"Interrelations of organism prevalence, specimen collection method, and host age, sex, and breed among 8,354 canine urinary tract infections (1969-1995)","volume":"15","author":"Ling","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib27","article-title":"The complex diseases of staphylococcus pseudintermedius in canines: where to next?","volume":"8","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib28","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of aerobic bacteria isolated from canine urinary samples in South East Queensland, 2013 to 2018","volume":"04","author":"Mack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0840-3","article-title":"European multicenter study on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animal urinary tract infections","volume":"12","author":"Marques","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky499","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infections in companion animals and humans: population structure, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes","volume":"74","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6796","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and clinical parameters in 208 dogs with positive urine cultures (2012\u20132014)","volume":"55","author":"McGovern","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2016.1259594","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from canine urinary samples submitted to a New Zealand veterinary diagnostic laboratory between 2005-2012","volume":"65","author":"McMeekin","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2013.844410","article-title":"Different recommendations for empiric first-choice antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Europe","volume":"31","author":"McQuiston Haslund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.10.1584","article-title":"Evaluation of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from the urine of dogs with indwelling urinary catheters","volume":"229","author":"Ogeer-Gyles","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.02.005","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: treatment\/comparative therapeutics","volume":"45","author":"Olin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2018-0058","article-title":"Treatment of selected canine dermatological conditions in portugal - a research survey","volume":"62","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2023.102028","article-title":"Temporal changes in antibiotic resistance and population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between 2010 and 2021 in the United States","volume":"100","author":"Phophi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol., Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.01.011","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility survey on bacterial agents of canine and feline urinary tract infections: weight of the empirical treatment","volume":"13","author":"Rampacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2019-000345","article-title":"Prevalence of bacteria and changes in trends in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from positive canine urinary samples from an Australian referral hospital over a 5-year period (2013-2017)","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Rec. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.09.014","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Australia","volume":"211","author":"Saputra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120924","article-title":"Use of local antibiogram data and antimicrobial importance ratings to select optimal empirical therapies for urinary tract infections in dogs and cats","volume":"9","author":"Scarborough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0795-3.00089-2","article-title":"Bacterial infections of the genitourinary tract","author":"Sykes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canine Feline Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.11.013","article-title":"Canine bacterial urinary tract infections: new developments in old pathogens","volume":"190","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10888.x","article-title":"Systemic antibacterial drug use in dogs in Australia","volume":"79","author":"Watson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.008","article-title":"International society for companion animal infectious diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats","volume":"247","author":"Weese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12469522","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in cats with chronic kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0217-4","article-title":"Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections","volume":"10","author":"Windahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13571","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infections in dogs (2010-2013)","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541_bib50","unstructured":"World Organization for Animal Health. (2022) \u3008https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/?id=169&L=1&htmfile=chapitreantibiouse.htm\u3009 (accessed 24 June, 2024)."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525001762?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525001762?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T01:01:36Z","timestamp":1762304496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113525001762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0378113525001762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial species isolated from canine and feline urine samples in Sydney, Australia, 2012\u20132021","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110541","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110541"}}