{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:28:52Z","timestamp":1773959332596,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cars-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cars-35"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T16:59:14Z","timestamp":1767027554000},"page":"110858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["AS-IV exhibits anti-SADS-CoV effects through the inhibition of the MAPK\/JNK signaling pathway mediated by the S1 protein"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Shuiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dengju","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","article-title":"Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"181","author":"Alexandra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus spike protein-induced apoptosis, inflammatory, and oxidative stress responses in THP-1-like-macrophages: potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (Perindopril)","volume":"20","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03891-4","article-title":"CD147 mediates S protein pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its induction of spermatogonia apoptosis","volume":"85","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000018","article-title":"Viral control of mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082961","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin inhibits PEDV infection and proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the HMGB1\/TLR4-MAPK p38 pathway","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.170915","article-title":"A new bat-HKU2-like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-795-2_1","article-title":"The MAP kinase signaling cascades: a system of hundreds of components regulates a diverse array of physiological functions","volume":"661","author":"Keshet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.170915","article-title":"A new Bat-HKU2\u2013like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017","volume":"23","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.008","article-title":"Porcine deltacoronavirus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of the cytochrome c-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway","volume":"253","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5070415","article-title":"Protective effect of astragaloside IV on high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of P2X7R dependent p38 MAPK signaling pathway","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155116","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits AOM\/DSS-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis via activation of PPAR\u03b3 signaling in mice","volume":"121","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.19-0037","article-title":"Astragaloside IV reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a murine model of coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136708","article-title":"Metformin protects against pericyte apoptosis and promotes neurogenesis through suppressing JNK p38 MAPK signaling activation in ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"783","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib14","first-page":"1772","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates the H2O2-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells by inhibiting \u03b1-synuclein expression via the p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib15","first-page":"898","article-title":"Effects of astragaloside IV on myocardial calcium transport and cardiac function in ischemic rats","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155086","article-title":"The effects of astragaloside IV on gut microbiota and serum metabolism in a mice model of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"121","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.036","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects against ischemic brain injury in a murine model of transient focal ischemia","volume":"363","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib18","first-page":"2005","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis of A\u03b225-35 treated PC12 cells by inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01445-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus detected in Vietnamese pigs","volume":"56","author":"Nam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111160","article-title":"Multiplexed LNP-mRNA vaccination against pathogenic coronavirus species","volume":"40","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031587","article-title":"Induced oxidative stress and activated expression of manganese superoxide dismutase during hepatitis C virus replication: role of JNK, p38 MAPK and AP-1","volume":"378","author":"Qadri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib22","article-title":"Matrine exhibits antiviral activities against PEDV by directly targeting Spike protein of the virus and inducing apoptosis via the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"270","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-178","article-title":"Inhibition of EGFR\/MAPK signaling reduces microglial inflammatory response and the associated secondary damage in rats after spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Qu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01258.x","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits adenovirus replication and apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro","volume":"63","author":"Shang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.022","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates podocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by up-regulated Nrf2-ARE\/TFAM signaling in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"203","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071586","article-title":"Astragaloside IV regulates cGAS-STING signaling pathway to alleviate immunosuppression caused by PRRSV infection","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.020","article-title":"Re-emergence of severe acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Guangxi, China, 2021","volume":"85","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib28","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorates myocardial infarction induced apoptosis and restores cardiac function","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.003","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib30","article-title":"Re-emergence of severe acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Henan, central China, 2023","volume":"292","author":"Teng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2022.2079756","article-title":"Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns","volume":"42","author":"Thakor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740565","article-title":"Astragaloside IV alleviates the experimental DSS-induced colitis by remodeling macrophage polarization through STAT signaling","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020373","article-title":"Protective effects of astragaloside IV against LPS-induced endometritis in mice through inhibiting activation of the NF-\u03baB, p38 and JNK signaling pathways","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.132","article-title":"Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of astragaloside IV isolated from radix Astragali","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119068","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects against podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress via activating PPAR\u03b3-Klotho-FoxO1 axis in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"269","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.572425","article-title":"The roles of apoptosis in swine response to viral infection and pathogenesis of swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.023","article-title":"TNF-alpha mediates pseudorabies virus-induced apoptosis via the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK\/SAPK signaling","volume":"381","author":"Yeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib38","first-page":"1603","article-title":"Astragaloside IV prevents high glucose induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory reactions through inhibition of the JNK pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"19","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib39","article-title":"Astragaloside IV relieves atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis via MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in LDLR-\/- mice","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-03-0136","article-title":"Antiinflammatory activity of astragaloside IV is mediated by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression","volume":"90","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020412331286506","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.002","article-title":"Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: a research review on the pharmacological effects","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnaa007","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates IL-1\u03b2 secretion by enhancing autophagy in H1N1 infection","volume":"367","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fems. Microbiol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib44","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication through suppressing S1 protein mediated the MAPK\/ERK pathway and reducing apoptosis","volume":"304","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"7700","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0010-9","article-title":"Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin","volume":"556","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01350-19","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP1 interacts with host ribosomal protein SA to maintain activation of the MAPK signal pathway and promote virus replication","volume":"94","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525004948?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113525004948?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T19:01:11Z","timestamp":1773946871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113525004948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0378113525004948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"AS-IV exhibits anti-SADS-CoV effects through the inhibition of the MAPK\/JNK signaling pathway mediated by the S1 protein","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110858","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110858"}}