{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:17:43Z","timestamp":1784395063898,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004306","name":"Shandong Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:02:55Z","timestamp":1769101375000},"page":"110903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["UL24 deletion attenuates Marek's disease virus replication and pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"314","author":[{"given":"Yunzhe","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109409","article-title":"Deletion of miR-M8 and miR-M13 eliminates the bursa atrophy induced by Marek's disease virus infection","volume":"268","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012891","article-title":"Marek's disease virus-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in viral replication and MDV-1\/Md5-induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius","volume":"21","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01658-17","article-title":"Induction of DNA damages upon Marek's disease virus infection: implication in viral replication and pathogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Bencherit","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01428-09","article-title":"Conserved residues in the UL24 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 are important for dispersal of the nucleolar protein nucleolin","volume":"84","author":"Bertrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00380-0","article-title":"Host interferon-stimulated gene 20 inhibits pseudorabies virus proliferation","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmb.33","article-title":"Preparation of cell cultures and vaccinia virus stocks","volume":"117","author":"Cotter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8536","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00556-12","article-title":"Marek's disease viral interleukin-8 promotes lymphoma formation through targeted recruitment of B cells and CD4+ CD25+ T cells","volume":"86","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01149-25","article-title":"A recombinant Marek's disease vaccine candidate provides complete protection against infectious bursal disease virus and H9 subtype avian influenza virus in chickens","volume":"99","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01578-22","article-title":"Duck enteritis virus inhibits the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway to evade the innate immune response","volume":"96","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091971","article-title":"The disruption of a nuclear export signal in the C-terminus of the herpes simplex virus 1 determinant of pathogenicity UL24 protein leads to a syncytial plaque phenotype","volume":"15","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.9012","article-title":"Importance of the herpes simplex virus UL24 gene for productive ganglionic infection in mice","volume":"242","author":"Jacobson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.02.012","article-title":"The ORF37 (UL24) is a neuropathogenicity determinant of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in the mouse encephalitis model","volume":"400","author":"Kasem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14010054","article-title":"Protection conferred by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 vaccines against immunosuppression induced by very virulent plus (vv+) Marek's disease virus strains in commercial meat type chickens","volume":"14","author":"Khaled","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v9070173","article-title":"Telomeres and telomerase: role in Marek's disease virus pathogenesis, integration and tumorigenesis","volume":"9","author":"Kheimar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib15","article-title":"Calcium phosphate transfection","author":"Kingston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. Chapter 20 Unit. 20. 23."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.5.2575-2577.2006","article-title":"Human herpesvirus 1 UL24 gene encodes a potential PD-(D\/E)XK endonuclease","volume":"80","author":"Knizewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061260","article-title":"Methods for the manipulation of herpesvirus genome and the application to Marek's disease virus research","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009307","article-title":"Marek's disease virus US3 protein kinase phosphorylates chicken HDAC 1 and 2 and regulates viral replication and pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108911","article-title":"Deletion of LORF9 but not LORF10 attenuates Marek's disease virus pathogenesis","volume":"251","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109023","article-title":"Inhibition of the DNA-sensing pathway by pseudorabies virus UL24 protein via degradation of interferon regulatory factor 7","volume":"255","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404508101","article-title":"Marek's disease virus-encoded Meq gene is involved in transformation of lymphocytes but is dispensable for replication","volume":"101","author":"Lupiani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.01.016","article-title":"Involvement of the UL24 protein in herpes simplex virus 1-induced dispersal of B23 and in nuclear egress","volume":"412","author":"Lymberopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.04.039","article-title":"Similar regulation of two distinct UL24 promoters by regulatory proteins of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1)","volume":"589","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev369","article-title":"Virus and host genomic, molecular, and cellular interactions during Marek's disease pathogenesis and oncogenesis","volume":"95","author":"McPherson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011268","article-title":"Comparative review of the conserved UL24 protein family in herpesviruses","volume":"25","author":"Orbaum-Harel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013435","article-title":"High-fidelity long-read sequencing of an avian herpesvirus reveals extensive intrapopulation diversity in tandem repeat regions","volume":"21","author":"Ortigas-Vasquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110376","article-title":"UL24 herpesvirus determinants of pathogenesis: roles in virus-host interactions","volume":"603","author":"Pearson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000189","article-title":"Mutation of UL24 impedes the dissemination of acute herpes simplex virus 1 infection from the cornea to neurons of trigeminal ganglia","volume":"96","author":"Rochette","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104378","article-title":"Duck plague virus UL24 protein initiates K48\/K63-linked IRF7 polyubiquitination to antagonize the innate immune response","volume":"103","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11088","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.23.11088-11098.2000","article-title":"Reconstitution of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) from DNA cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome and characterization of a glycoprotein B-negative MDV-1 mutant","volume":"74","author":"Schumacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7016","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks382","article-title":"Sequence, structure and functional diversity of PD-(D\/E)XK phosphodiesterase superfamily","volume":"40","author":"Steczkiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109082","article-title":"Virus-encoded microRNA-M7 restricts early cytolytic replication and pathogenesis of Marek's disease virus","volume":"259","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.06.020","article-title":"Lorf9 deletion significantly eliminated lymphoid organ atrophy induced by meq-deleted very virulent Marek's disease virus","volume":"235","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00901-5","article-title":"UL28 and UL33 homologs of Marek's disease virus terminase complex involved in the regulation of cleavage and packaging of viral DNA are indispensable for replication in cultured cells","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02871-22","article-title":"Fully attenuated meq and pp38 double gene deletion mutant virus confers superior immunological protection against highly virulent Marek's disease virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2258-4","article-title":"Critical roles of non-coding RNAs in lifecycle and biology of Marek's disease herpesvirus","volume":"66","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2144\/000112096","article-title":"Two-step red-mediated recombination for versatile high-efficiency markerless DNA manipulation in Escherichia coli","volume":"40","author":"Tischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/472537","article-title":"Viral bacterial artificial chromosomes: generation, mutagenesis, and removal of mini-F sequences","volume":"2012","author":"Tischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110335","article-title":"MDV-encoded protein kinase U(S)3 phosphorylates WTAP to inhibit transcriptomic m(6)A modification and cellular protein translation","volume":"300","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00941","article-title":"Alpha-herpesvirus thymidine kinase genes mediate viral virulence and are potential therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00025-17","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 1 UL24 abrogates the DNA sensing signal pathway by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"91","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109248","article-title":"Marek's disease virus encoded miR-M6 and miR-M10 are dispensable for virus replication and pathogenesis in chickens","volume":"262","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib43","article-title":"Multiple pathways to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of Turkeys Herpesvirus recombinant vaccine expressing HA of H9N2","volume":"104","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib44","article-title":"Study of prokaryotic expression and subcellular localization of serotype \u2160 MDV UL24 protein","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110622","article-title":"Marek's disease virus-encoded MicroRNA-M6-5p suppresses viral replication by targeting viral major capsid protein-coding gene UL19","volume":"307","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01574-23","article-title":"LORF9 of Marek's disease virus is involved in the early cytolytic replication of B lymphocytes and can act as a target for gene deletion vaccine development","volume":"97","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526000349?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526000349?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:11:36Z","timestamp":1773990696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113526000349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0378113526000349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"UL24 deletion attenuates Marek's disease virus replication and pathogenicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110903","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110903"}}