{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:47:22Z","timestamp":1791388042184,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1800505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:46:45Z","timestamp":1773906405000},"page":"110991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A multicomponent Fc-fused subunit vaccine induces cross-protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus QYYZ-like and NADC30-like strains"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Linxing","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengdan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shudan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxiang","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiteng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuqing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3120-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.8.3994-4004.2006","article-title":"Influence of N-linked glycosylation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 on virus infectivity, antigenicity, and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies","volume":"80","author":"Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33134","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c04881","article-title":"Self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines elicit robust protective immune responses against type O foot-and-mouth disease virus infection","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8871321","article-title":"Genetic characteristics of three single-farm-isolated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with novel recombination among NADC30-like, JXA1-like, and QYYZ-like strains","volume":"2023","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.02.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"2","author":"Chand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00368-24","article-title":"Genomic and pathogenicity analysis of two novel highly pathogenic recombinant NADC30-like PRRSV strains in China, in 2023","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3390\/v16060991","article-title":"Development of a ferritin protein nanoparticle vaccine with PRRSV GP5 protein","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v1.i1.23","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety aspects","volume":"1","author":"Charerntantanakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.01.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a transgenic tobacco plant expressing the recombinant fusion protein of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in pigs","volume":"140","author":"Chia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104574","article-title":"Broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mediated by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein vaccine","volume":"92","author":"Deliyannis","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01319-23","article-title":"A nanobody inhibiting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication via blocking self-interaction of viral nucleocapsid protein","volume":"98","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.294","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody responses of pigs infected with natural GP5 N-glycan mutants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"19","author":"Faaberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-005-5839-y","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of the modified GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"32","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.003","article-title":"Genotypic and geographical distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in mainland China in 1996\u20132016","volume":"208","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0910-6","article-title":"The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.020","article-title":"Novel strategies and approaches to develop the next generation of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)","volume":"154","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.04.016","article-title":"Enhanced immune responses of mice inoculated recombinant adenoviruses expressing GP5 by fusion with GP3 and\/or GP4 of PRRS virus","volume":"136","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimpston-Burkgren, K., Correas, I., Osorio, F.A., Steffen, D., Pattnaik, A.K., Fang, Y., Vu, H.L.X., 2017. Relative contribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus open reading frames 2\u20134 to the induction of protective immunity.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.061"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0543","article-title":"Displaying epitope B and epitope 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on virus like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 provides partial protection to pigs","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.05.013","article-title":"Efficient mucosal vaccination of a novel classical swine fever virus E2-Fc fusion protein mediated by neonatal Fc receptor","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01390-y","article-title":"A chimeric strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 derived from HP-PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV confers cross-protection against both strains","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2023.08.010","article-title":"Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib22","volume":"292","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02667-22","article-title":"Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of a novel recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-like strains that emerged in China","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03514-8","article-title":"Engineering a bivalent nanoparticle vaccine with PCV2 capsid protein and PRRSV epitopes","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2019.1633883","article-title":"Antibody Fc engineering for enhanced neonatal Fc receptor binding and prolonged circulation half-life","volume":"11","author":"Mackness","year":"2019","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib26","first-page":"573","article-title":"Fc-empowered exosomes with superior epithelial layer transmission and lung distribution ability for pulmonary vaccination","volume":"42","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4241-4250.2002","article-title":"Identi\ufb01cation of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain","volume":"76","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. VIROL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00965.x","article-title":"Long-term administration of a commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-inactivated vaccine in PRRSV-endemically infected sows","volume":"53","author":"Papatsiros","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Ser. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0887-2","article-title":"The primary neutralization epitope of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus strain VR-2332 is located in the middle of the GP5 ectodomain","volume":"147","author":"Plagemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1275193","article-title":"Antigen-dependent modulation of immune responses to antigen-Fc fusion proteins by Fc-effector functions","volume":"14","author":"Richel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107351","article-title":"Recombination and pathogenicity analysis of NADC30-like and QYYZ-like PRRSV strains in South China","volume":"200","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12212","article-title":"Nanoparticle vaccine triggers interferon-gamma production and confers protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01659-w","article-title":"Pathogenic and transcriptomic differences among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses from distinct lineages in piglets","volume":"56","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007931322271","article-title":"Baculovirus expression of proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain olot\/91. Involvement of ORF3 and ORF5 proteins in protection","volume":"14","author":"Urniza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00189-11","article-title":"Immune evasion of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through glycan shielding involves both glycoprotein 5 as well as glycoprotein 3","volume":"85","author":"Vu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3434","article-title":"Gene-edited pigs are protected from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"34","author":"Whitworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14485","article-title":"Novel characteristics of Chinese NADC34-like PRRSV during 2020\u20132021","volume":"69","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092056","article-title":"CD163-expressing porcine macrophages support NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSV infections","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.638493","article-title":"Isolation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5-specific, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from hyperimmune sows","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526001227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526001227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:28:00Z","timestamp":1777300080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113526001227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0378113526001227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A multicomponent Fc-fused subunit vaccine induces cross-protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus QYYZ-like and NADC30-like strains","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.110991","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110991"}}