{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:49:42Z","timestamp":1792068582702,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-67015-28982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67015-28982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32OD010437-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32OD010437-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:20:54Z","timestamp":1787325654000},"page":"111202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Longitudinal whole-genome analysis of bluetongue virus identifies conserved serotype-specific genomes and distinct genomic constellations within a Colorado sheep flock (2021\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9418-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mollie","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tillie","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Stenglein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010164","article-title":"Detection, characterization and sequencing of BTV serotypes circulating in Cuba in 2022","volume":"16","author":"Acevedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.07.006","article-title":"The NS3 proteins of global strains of bluetongue virus evolve into regional topotypes through negative (purifying) selection","volume":"126","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1979.40.11.1654","article-title":"Temporal appearance, geographic distribution, and species of origin of bluetongue virus serotypes in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Barber","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192432299","article-title":"The membrane trafficking protein calpactin forms a complex with bluetongue virus protein NS3 and mediates virus release","volume":"99","author":"Beaton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib5","first-page":"446","article-title":"Genetic diversification of field strains of bluetongue virus","volume":"40","author":"Bonneau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Ital."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8298","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.8298-8305.2001","article-title":"Occurrence of genetic drift and founder effect during quasispecies evolution of the VP2 and NS3\/NS3A genes of bluetongue virus upon passage between sheep, cattle, and culicoides sonorensis","volume":"75","author":"Bonneau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10399","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01641-14","article-title":"Virus and host factors affecting the clinical outcome of bluetongue virus infection","volume":"88","author":"Caporale","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109944","article-title":"Recovery of multireassortant bluetongue virus serotype 6 sequences from a mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Dorset sheep (Ovis aries) in Colorado","volume":"289","author":"Carpenter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-010-9354-y","article-title":"The evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus","volume":"70","author":"Carpi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.019","article-title":"Use of SEquence-independent, Single-primer-amplification (SISPA) for rapid detection, identification, and characterization of avian RNA viruses","volume":"509","author":"Chrzastek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00150-6","article-title":"Isolation and identification of bluetongue virus","volume":"87","author":"Clavijo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/104063878900100309","article-title":"Genotypic transitions among bluetongue viral isolates from domestic ruminants in Colorado during 1981\u20131984","volume":"1","author":"Collisson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-12422-y","article-title":"Optimized library preparation, sequencing, and data analysis protocols for the generation of orbivirus consensus sequences","volume":"27","author":"Dunham","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.06.004","article-title":"Field observations during the bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006: I. Detection of first outbreaks and clinical signs in sheep and cattle in Belgium, France and the Netherlands","volume":"87","author":"Elbers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199489","article-title":"Exceptional Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) circulation in France in 2023","volume":"350","author":"Gondard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vez027","article-title":"Contrasting selective patterns across the segmented genome of bluetongue virus in a global reassortment hotspot","volume":"5","author":"Jacquot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010042","article-title":"Viral vector vaccines against bluetongue virus","volume":"9","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Cabello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.01280-24","article-title":"Coding-complete genome of bluetongue virus serotype 3 isolated in 2015 from dairy cattle in Colorado","volume":"14","author":"Kopanke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091038","article-title":"The genetic diversification of a single bluetongue virus strain using an in vitro model of alternating-host transmission","volume":"12","author":"Kopanke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1565805","article-title":"High seroprevalence and age-associated dynamics of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North American bison (Bison bison)","volume":"12","author":"Krus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8070965","article-title":"Multiple routes of bluetongue virus egress","volume":"8","author":"Labadie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032601","article-title":"Identification and differentiation of the twenty six bluetongue virus serotypes by RT\u2013PCR amplification of the serotype-specific genome segment 2","volume":"7","author":"Maan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163014","article-title":"Development and evaluation of real time RT-PCR assays for detection and typing of bluetongue virus","volume":"11","author":"Maan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90447-9","article-title":"Analysis of the roles of bluetongue virus outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5 in determination of virus serotype","volume":"170","author":"Mertens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005056","article-title":"Widespread reassortment shapes the evolution and epidemiology of bluetongue virus following European invasion","volume":"11","author":"Nomikou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00407","article-title":"Prospects of next-generation vaccines for bluetongue","volume":"6","author":"van Rijn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib27","first-page":"401","article-title":"Economic impact of Bluetongue: a review of the effects on production","volume":"51","author":"Rushton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Ital."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9733","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00694-10","article-title":"Viral mutation rates","volume":"84","author":"Sanju\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02266-12","article-title":"Reassortment between two serologically unrelated bluetongue virus strains is flexible and can involve any genome segment","volume":"87","author":"Shaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.5.1.1-7.1970","article-title":"Characterization of bluetongue virus ribonucleic acid","volume":"5","author":"Verwoerd","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004902","article-title":"RNA virus reassortment: an evolutionary mechanism for host jumps and immune evasion","volume":"11","author":"Vijaykrishna","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-6-1325","article-title":"Conformation of the VP2 protein of bluetongue virus (BTV) determines the involvement in virus neutralization of highly conserved epitopes within the BTV serogroup","volume":"71","author":"White","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib33","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health, 2021. Bluetongue (infection with bluetongue virus). World Organisation for Animal Health, WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202_bib34","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health, 2025. Diseases, infections and infestations listed by WOAH. World Organisation for Animal Health."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526003391?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378113526003391?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:06:48Z","timestamp":1792066008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378113526003391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0378113526003391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1135","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Longitudinal whole-genome analysis of bluetongue virus identifies conserved serotype-specific genomes and distinct genomic constellations within a Colorado sheep flock (2021\u20132023)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2026.111202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111202"}}