{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:06:22Z","timestamp":1790762782113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,31]],"date-time":"2003-10-31T16:22:10Z","timestamp":1067617330000},"page":"73-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Immunological role of the endosymbionts of Dirofilaria immitis: the Wolbachia surface protein activates canine neutrophils with production of IL-8"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Bazzocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Genchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Paltrinieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Mortarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5577-5588.2001","article-title":"Exploitation of interleukin-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis by the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis","volume":"69","author":"Akkoyunlu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB2","first-page":"395","article-title":"Early pulmonary lesions caused by dead Dirofilaria immitis in dogs exposed to homologous antigens","volume":"67","author":"Atwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00432-0","article-title":"Wolbachia in filarial nematodes: evolutionary aspects and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of filarial diseases","volume":"98","author":"Bandi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1313","article-title":"Antigenic role of the endosymbionts of filarial nematodes: IgG response against the Wolbachia surface protein in cats infected with Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"267","author":"Bazzocchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB5","unstructured":"Bochsler, P.N., Slauson, D.O., 2002. Inflammation and repair of tissue. In: Slauson, D.O., Cooper, B.J. (Eds.), Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd ed. Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 140\u2013245."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01269-7","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-like molecules derived from Wolbachia endobacteria of the filaria Onchocerca volvulus are candidate mediators in the sequence of inflammatory and antiinflammatory responses of human monocytes","volume":"2","author":"Brattig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01399-5","article-title":"Neutrophil accumulation around Onchocerca worms and chemotaxis of neutrophils are dependent on Wolbachia endobacteria","volume":"3","author":"Brattig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00158-3","article-title":"Tetracycline treatment and sex-ratio distortion: a role for Wolbachia in the moulting of filarial nematodes?","volume":"32","author":"Casiraghi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0588","article-title":"Evaluation in vitro of canine neutrophil functions","volume":"162","author":"Comazzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB10","unstructured":"Di Sacco, B., Vezzoni, A., 1992. Clinical classification of heartworm disease for the purpose of adding objectivity to the assessment of therapeutic efficacy of adulticidal drugs in the field. In: Soll, M.D. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 209\u2013214."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4682(05)80005-4","article-title":"Intracellular signalling in neutrophil priming and activation","volume":"6","author":"Downey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","volume":"51","author":"Dumler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB13","unstructured":"Forrester, S.D., Lees, G.E., 1995. Renal manifestation of polysistemic disease. In: Osborne, C.A., Finco, D.R. (Eds.), Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 491\u2013504."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2307\/3282910","article-title":"Experimental Dirofilaria immitis-associated glomerulonephritis induced in part by in situ formation of immune complexes in the glomerular capillary wall","volume":"75","author":"Grauer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3394-3402.2000","article-title":"Expression of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 in human peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent or recombinant major surface protein P44","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0765-6","article-title":"Immunohistochemical\/immunogold detection and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia of Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi using a polyclonal antiserum raised against WSP (Wolbachia surface protein)","volume":"89","author":"Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00419-3","article-title":"Th1 response in BALB\/c mice immunized with Dirofilaria immitis soluble antigens: a possible role for Wolbachia?","volume":"112","author":"Marcos-Atxutegi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB18","unstructured":"Metcalf, J.A., Gallin, J.I., Neuseef, W.M., Root, R.K., 1986. Laboratory Manual of Neutrophil Functions. Raven Press, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2671-2680.1998","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of multigenes encoding the immunodominant 30-kilodalton major outer membrane proteins of Ehrlichia canis and application of the recombinant protein for serodiagnosis","volume":"36","author":"Ohashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(93)90048-G","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel neutrophil chemotactic factor from a filarial parasite","volume":"30","author":"Owhashi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00164-3","article-title":"Pitfalls and difficulties in histological diagnosis of human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens","volume":"34","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068732","article-title":"The role of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in the pathogenesis of river blindness","volume":"295","author":"Saint Andre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB23","first-page":"180","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the endosymbionts of filarial nematodes (Wolbachia) in patients with pulmonary dirofilariasis","volume":"10","author":"Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1429","article-title":"Inflammatory responses induced by the filarial nematode Brugia malayi are mediated by lipopolysaccharide-like activity from endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria","volume":"191","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00400.x","article-title":"Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease","volume":"23","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.6.2919","article-title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates the production of cytokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules by human peripheral blood dendritic cells: evidence for a soluble CD14-dependent pathway","volume":"158","author":"Verhasselt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.2.387","article-title":"Leukocyte locomotion and chemotaxis. New methods for evaluation, and demonstration of a cell-derived chemotactic factor","volume":"137","author":"Zigmond","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589403100108","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of human interleukin-8 in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Zwahlen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401703003030?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401703003030?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T10:51:11Z","timestamp":1682592671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401703003030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0304401703003030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.07.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}