{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:47:53Z","timestamp":1790905673829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]],"date-time":"2006-03-24T12:42:37Z","timestamp":1143204157000},"page":"33-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Genetic basis for GPI-anchor merozoite surface antigen polymorphism of Babesia and resulting antigenic diversity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Carcy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Pr\u00e9cigout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Schetters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gorenflot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)00065-X","article-title":"Babesiosis: persistence in the face of adversity","volume":"19","author":"Allred","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2003.09.012","article-title":"Antigenic variation and cytoadhesion in Babesia bovis and Plasmodium falciparum: different logics achieve the same goal","volume":"134","author":"Allred","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80411-6","article-title":"The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface","volume":"5","author":"Allred","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.91-98.1994","article-title":"Antigenic variation of parasite-derived antigens on the surface of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes","volume":"62","author":"Allred","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib5","unstructured":"Carcy, B., Gorenflot, A., Schetters, T.P., Cibrelus, P., Moubri, K., Depoix, D., 2005. Babesia vaccines. Patent no. WO2005012343."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.3.811-817.1995","article-title":"A 37-kilodalton glycoprotein of Babesia divergens is a major component of a protective fraction containing low molecular-mass culture-derived exoantigens","volume":"63","author":"Carcy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90397-0","article-title":"Genes of the Protozoan parasite Babesia bovis that rearrange to produce RNA species with different sequences","volume":"37","author":"Cowman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90194-3","article-title":"Characterisation of a family of multi-copy genes encoding rhoptry protein homologues in Babesia bovis, Babesia ovis and Babesia canis","volume":"57","author":"Dalrymple","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002160","article-title":"Babesia divergens: cloning and biochemical characterization of Bd37","volume":"125","author":"Delbecq","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002202","article-title":"Chromosome number, genome size and polymorphism of European and South African isolates of large Babesia parasites that infect dogs","volume":"125","author":"Depoix","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3782-3790.2001","article-title":"Molecular basis for variable expression of merozoite surface antigen gp45 among American isolates of Babesia bigemina","volume":"69","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3566-3575.2002","article-title":"The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 locus contains four tandemly arranged and expressed genes encoding immunologically distinct proteins","volume":"70","author":"Florin-Christensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.9.2363-2368.1988","article-title":"Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies","volume":"56","author":"Goff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4076","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.12.4076-4082.1990","article-title":"Identification of major Babesia divergens polypeptides that induce potection against homologous challenge in gerbils","volume":"58","author":"Gorenflot","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(98)00031-2","article-title":"Comparison between aseric and seric culture-derived exoantigens of Babesia divergens in their ability to induce immunoprotection in gerbils","volume":"47","author":"Grande","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90129-8","article-title":"Neutralization-sensitive merozoite surface antigens of Babesia bovis encoded by members of a polymorphic gene family","volume":"55","author":"Hines","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.1.349-352.1995","article-title":"Immunization of cattle with recombinant Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1","volume":"63","author":"Hines","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib18","first-page":"479","article-title":"Genetic variation in the dimorphic regions of rap-1 genes and rap-1 loci of Babesia bigemina","volume":"90","author":"Hotzel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90128-7","article-title":"Surface epitope localization and gene structure of a Babesia bovis 44-kilodalton variable merozoite surface antigen","volume":"55","author":"Jasmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00150-3","article-title":"Genetic and biochemical analysis of erythrocyte-stage surface antigens belonging to a family of highly conserved proteins of Babesia equi and Theileria species","volume":"90","author":"Knowles","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2003.10.010","article-title":"Expression of Babesia equi EMA-1 and EMA-2 during merozoite developmental stages in erythrocyte and their interaction with erythrocytic membrane skeleton","volume":"133","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(95)00809-8","article-title":"Conservation of merozoite membrane and apical complex B cell epitopes among Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis strains isolated in Brazil","volume":"61","author":"Madruga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.7.2298","article-title":"Antibodies define multiple proteins with epitopes exposed on the surface of live Babesia bigemina merozoites","volume":"138","author":"McElwain","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90181-5","article-title":"Molecular characterization and immunogenicity of neutralization-sensitive Babesia bigemina merozoite surface proteins","volume":"47","author":"McElwain","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050431","article-title":"Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi Melhorn, Schein 1998","volume":"84","author":"Mehlhorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90017-E","article-title":"Isolation, sequence and differential expression of the p58 gene family of Babesia bigemina","volume":"53","author":"Mishra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(95)00779-5","article-title":"Identification of an immunodominant 40kDa merozoite antigen common to the Australian T and Dixie vaccine strains of Babesia bovis and the development of diagnostic tests specific for these strains","volume":"60","author":"Molloy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib28","first-page":"255","article-title":"Babesia canis: la culture in vitro du parasite et son \u00e9tude ultrastructurale","volume":"81","author":"Moreau","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Sci. V\u00e9t. M\u00e9d. Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6448-6455.2002","article-title":"Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes","volume":"70","author":"Mosqueda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.3.1599-1603.2002","article-title":"Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and Rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes","volume":"70","author":"Mosqueda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00125-4","article-title":"Characterization of a variant erythrocyte surface antigen (VESA1) expressed by Babesia bovis during antigenic variation","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3921-3928.1999","article-title":"Cytoadherence of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells provides an in vitro model for sequestration","volume":"67","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.9.3340-3342.1991","article-title":"Strain variation of Babesia bovis merozoite surface-exposed epitopes","volume":"59","author":"Palmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.8.2799-2805.1991","article-title":"Analysis of immune responses of different hosts to Babesia divergens isolates from different geographic areas and capacity of culture-derived exoantigens to induce efficient cross-protection","volume":"59","author":"Precigout","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.01.002","article-title":"Association between sequence polymorphism in an epitope of Babesia divergens Bd37 exoantigen and protection induced by passive transfer","volume":"34","author":"Precigout","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90210-7","article-title":"A recombinant surface protein of Babesia bovis elicits bovine antibodies that react with live merozoites","volume":"35","author":"Reduker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80059-X","article-title":"Vaccines against babesiosis using soluble parasite antigen","volume":"11","author":"Schetters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001686","article-title":"Different Babesia canis isolates, different diseases","volume":"115","author":"Schetters","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989859483","article-title":"Parasite localization and dissemination in the Babesia-infected host","volume":"92","author":"Schetters","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01566-5","article-title":"Can Babesia infections be used as a model for cerebral malaria?","volume":"15","author":"Schetters","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib41","unstructured":"Schetters, T.P., Carcy, B., Gorenflot, A., Precigout, E., Vallet, A., 2000. Babesia vaccine. Patent no. EP1050541."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)90108-2","article-title":"Cross-protective immunity induced by Babesia bovis clones with antigenically unrelated variable merozoite surface antigens","volume":"41","author":"Shkap","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00331.x","article-title":"Identification of Babesia bigemina infected erythrocyte surface antigens containing epitopes conserved among strains","volume":"16","author":"Shompole","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3507-3513.1995","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope on proteins encoded by Babesia bigemina and present on the surface of intact infected erythrocytes","volume":"63","author":"Shompole","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(96)02570-4","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a putative rhoptry associated protein homologue from Babesia divergens","volume":"77","author":"Skuce","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib46","first-page":"215","article-title":"Structure, sequence, and transcriptional analysis of the Babesia bovis rap-1 multigene locus","volume":"93","author":"Suarez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6865","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6865-6870.2000","article-title":"Characterization of allelic variation in the Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) locus and identification of a cross reactive inhibition-sensitive MSA-1 epitope","volume":"68","author":"Suarez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(02)00311-0","article-title":"Organisation, transcription and expression of rhoptry associated protein genes in the babesia bigemina rap-1 locus","volume":"127","author":"Suarez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1989.9694194","article-title":"Three groups of Babesia canis distinguished and a proposal for nomenclature","volume":"11","author":"Uilenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.2.734-741.1993","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune responses induced in cattle by vaccination with Babesia divergens culture-derived exoantigens correlate with protection","volume":"61","author":"Valentin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(02)00329-8","article-title":"Babesia bovis merozoite surface protein 2c (MSA-2c) contains highly immunogenic, conserved B-cell epitopes that elicit neutralization-sensitive antibodies in cattle","volume":"127","author":"Wilkovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401706000549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401706000549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T21:18:13Z","timestamp":1683407893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401706000549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0304401706000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}