{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T08:14:24Z","timestamp":1776845664140,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T10:21:22Z","timestamp":1152267682000},"page":"307-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence and incidence of tick-borne diseases in smallholder farming systems in the western-Kenya highlands"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"O.S.","family":"Okuthe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.E.","family":"Buyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib1","unstructured":"Bram, R.A., 1983. Tick-borne livestock diseases and their vectors: the global problem. In: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 36. Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome, pp. 7\u201311."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib2","unstructured":"Gitau, G.K., 1992. Health and productivity of calves in smallholder dairy farms in Kiambu district, Kenya. MSc Thesis. University of Nairobi."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800003526","article-title":"Differences in the epidemiology of theileriosis in contrasting agro-ecological and grazing strata of highland Kenya","volume":"124","author":"Gitau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(96)01100-2","article-title":"The prevalence of serum antibodies to tick-borne infections of cattle in smallholder dairy farms in Murang\u2019a District, Kenya; a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Gitau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(98)00137-8","article-title":"The incidence, calf morbidity and mortality due to Theileria parva infections in smallholder dairy farms in Murang\u2019a District, Kenya","volume":"39","author":"Gitau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prevent. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib6","series-title":"Application of Quantitative Methods in Veterinary Epidemiology","first-page":"65","article-title":"Measurement of disease frequency","author":"Henken","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib7","volume":"vol. II.B","author":"Jaetzold","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050419","article-title":"An ELISA for detection of Theileria parva antibodies in cattle using a recombinant polymorphic immunodominant molecule","volume":"84","author":"Katende","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(94)00408-B","article-title":"An epidemiological study of tick-borne diseases and their effects on productivity of zebu cattle under traditional management on Rusinga Island, western Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Latif","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prevent. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib10","unstructured":"Maloo, S.H., 1993. Epidemiological study of vector-borne diseases with consequent development of preventive medicine programmes for smallholder dairy farmers in coastal Kenya. PhD Thesis. University of Glasgow, UK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00234-3","article-title":"Sero-prevalencee of vector-transmitted infections of small-holder dairy cattle in coastal Kenya","volume":"52","author":"Maloo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prevent. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00235-5","article-title":"A longitudinal study of disease incidence and case-fatality risks on small-holder dairy farms I coastal Kenya","volume":"52","author":"Maloo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prevent. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib13","unstructured":"Minjauw, B., Mcleod, A., 2003. Tick-borne diseases and poverty. The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on the livelihoods of small-scale and marginal livestock owners in India and eastern and southern Africa. Research report, DFID Animal Health Programme, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib14","series-title":"The Epidemiology of Theileriosis in Africa","first-page":"380","article-title":"The economic impact of theileriosis and its control in Africa","author":"Mukhebi","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(91)90001-I","article-title":"East Coast fever: a problem of the future for the horn of Africa?","volume":"10","author":"Norval","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib16","series-title":"The Epidemiology of Theileriosis in Africa","author":"Norval","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib17","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, C., 1998. A study of the epidemiology of theileriosis of smallholder dairy farmers in Kiambu district, Kenya. PhD Thesis. Faculty of graduate studies, University of Guelph, Canada."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib18","unstructured":"Okuthe, O.S., 1999. Participatory Epidemiological Assessment of Livestock Productivity Constraints in the western Kenya Highlands. PhD Thesis. The University of Reading."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib19","first-page":"p2.08","article-title":"Assessment of livestock constraints in the smallholder mixed farming systems in the western Kenya highlands","volume":"31\u201332","author":"Okuthe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiologie Sante Anemale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib20","first-page":"237","article-title":"Use of rapid rural appraisal and cross-sectional studies in the assessment of constraints in smallholder cattle production systems in the western Kenya highlands","volume":"70","author":"Okuthe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib21","unstructured":"Peeler, E.J., Omore, A., 1997. Manual of Livestock Production Systems in Kenya, 2nd ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00234.x","article-title":"Effects of tick control of liveweight gain of cattle in central Zambia","volume":"3","author":"Pegram","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib23","unstructured":"Putt, S.N.H., Shaw, A.P.M., Woods, A.J., Taylor, L., James, A.D., 1987. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics in Africa. A manual for Use in the Design and Appraisal of Livestock Health Policy. ILCA Manual No. 3. VEERU, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading England."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib24","unstructured":"ROK, 1996. Republic of Kenya. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Department of Livestock Production. Annual Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016_bib25","unstructured":"Wilsmore, A.J., 1994. Kenya National Agricultural Research Project, Second Phase (NARP II), Socio-economics and epidemiology project. Second report of the consultant veterinary epidemiologist."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401706003177?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401706003177?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T02:50:17Z","timestamp":1547520617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401706003177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0304401706003177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}