{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:16:23Z","timestamp":1778256983952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice Deanship of Research Chairs, Deanship of Scientific Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T02:26:20Z","timestamp":1579573580000},"page":"109035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multilocus approach reveals discordant molecular markers and corridors for gene flow between North African populations of Fasciola hepatica"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"278","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3815-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Amor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"Farjallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Merella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz N","family":"Alagaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama B.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90022-Q","article-title":"Comparison of the second internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal DNA) from populations and species of Fasciolidae (Digenea)","volume":"23","author":"Adlard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X13000369","article-title":"Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and F. Gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab","volume":"88","author":"Afshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0628-2","article-title":"Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA","volume":"101","author":"Alasaad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1898-2","article-title":"Identity of Fasciola spp. In sheep in Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Amer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.03.011","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. From the endemic area of northern Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences","volume":"128","author":"Amor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Para."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0035","first-page":"318","article-title":"Molecular and morphometrical characterization of Fasciola species isolated from domestic ruminants in Ardabil Province, northwestern iran","volume":"46","author":"Aryaeipour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2006.06.003","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of adults of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and intermediate forms from the endemic region of Gilan","volume":"55","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran. Parasitol Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.01.009","article-title":"Distribution of Fasciola hepatica and F. giganticain the endemic area of Guilan, Iran: Relationships between zonal overlap and phenotypic traits. Infection","volume":"31","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetics and Evolution."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","article-title":"Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies","volume":"16","author":"Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004042","article-title":"Phylogenetic discordance at the species boundary: comparative gene genealogies among rapidly radiating Heliconius butterflies","volume":"19","author":"Beltr\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.35.3.2566","article-title":"Review of the foot and mouth disease situation in North Africa and the risk of introducing the disease into Europe","volume":"35","author":"Bouguedour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90109-W","article-title":"Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing","volume":"54","author":"Bowles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasit."},{"issue":"245","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.08.006","article-title":"First genetic characterization of Fasciola hepatica in Argentina by nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers","volume":"15","author":"Carnevale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0075","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola spp. Isolated from slaughtered cattle in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial marker","volume":"18","author":"Chikowore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06270-5","article-title":"New insight into genetic variation and haplotype diversity of Fasciola hepatica from Algeria","volume":"118","author":"Chougar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3137-5","article-title":"The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals","volume":"11","author":"Cole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/117693430700300011","article-title":"Choosing and using introns in molecular phylogenetics","volume":"3","author":"Creer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evol. Bioinform. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150500431213","article-title":"Optimal intron analyses in the Trimeresurus radiation of Asian pitvipers","volume":"55","author":"Creer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2109","article-title":"jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing","volume":"9","author":"Darriba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0105","series-title":"Veterinary Helminthology (2nd Ed)","author":"Dunn","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/117693430500100003","article-title":"Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis","volume":"1","author":"Excoffier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evol. Bioinform. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1601-z","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Fasciola hepatica from Tunisia and Algeria based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences","volume":"105","author":"Farjallah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.08.006","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica from Sardinia based on sequence analysis of genomic and mitochondrial gene markers","volume":"135","author":"Farjallah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0125","series-title":"Molecular Methods in Ecology","first-page":"274","article-title":"Introns","author":"Friesen","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.1997.00277.x","article-title":"Intron variation in marbled murrelets detected using analyses of single-stranded conformational polymorphisms","volume":"6","author":"Friesen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.2.915","article-title":"Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection","volume":"147","author":"Fu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1999.0643","article-title":"On gaps","volume":"13","author":"Giribet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0145","first-page":"49","article-title":"Epidemiological studies on fasciolosis in northern Tunisia","volume":"165","author":"Hamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revue. M\u00e9d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.06.004","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from western Java","volume":"65","author":"Hayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indonesia. Parasitol. Inter."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0126","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola gigantica in Delhi, India and its phylogenetic relation to the species from South Asian countries","volume":"78","author":"Hayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0406","article-title":"Hybrid origin of Asian aspermic Fasciola flukes is confirmed by analyzing two single-copy genes, pepck and pold","volume":"80","author":"Hayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2016.11.005","article-title":"WormBase ParaSite\u2212a comprehensive resource for helminth genomics","volume":"215","author":"Howe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754","article-title":"MRBAYES: bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees","volume":"17","author":"Huelsenbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.10.010","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from Nigeria","volume":"66","author":"Ichikawa-Seki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.04.005","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola flukes obtained from wild sika deer and domestic cattle in Hokkaido","volume":"66","author":"Ichikawa-Seki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Japan. Parasitol. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201600161X","article-title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals that hybridization between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantic aoccurred in China","volume":"144","author":"Ichikawa-Seki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00037-X","article-title":"Triploid form of Fasciola in Japan: genetic relationships between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica determined by ITS-2 sequence of nuclear rDNA","volume":"28","author":"Itagaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008292","article-title":"Genetic characterization of parthenogenic Fasciola sp. In Japan on the basis of the sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA","volume":"131","author":"Itagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0200","first-page":"5","article-title":"History of foot-and-mouth disease in north african countries","volume":"54","author":"Kardjadj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Ital."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.10.003","article-title":"Human fascioliasis and the presence of hybrid\/introgressed forms of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Vietnam","volume":"38","author":"Le","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06277-11","article-title":"Development of mitochondrial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mito-LAMP) for detection of the small liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Opisthorchiidae; Trematoda; Platyhelminthes)","volume":"50","author":"Le","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0215","first-page":"323","article-title":"Rapid surveying of DNA sequence variation in natural populations","volume":"9","author":"Lessa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","article-title":"DnaSP v5. A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data","volume":"25","author":"Librado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.07.013","article-title":"Genetic characterization of cambodian Fasciola gigantica and dispersal direction of the species in Asia","volume":"273","author":"Loeurng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2002.0429","article-title":"A PCR-RFLP assay for the distinction between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica","volume":"16","author":"Marcilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","article-title":"Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control","volume":"69","author":"Mas-Coma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006537","article-title":"Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the americas reveal colonization with Neorickettsia endobacteria related to the agents of potomac horse and human sennetsu fevers","volume":"13","author":"McNulty","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1072-1","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the prevalences of natural fasciolosis in cattle, sheep, and the host snail Galba truncatula in north-eastern Algeria","volume":"92","author":"Mekroud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3898-5","article-title":"Characteristics and molecular phylogeny of Fasciola flukes from Bangladesh, determined based on spermatogenesis and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses","volume":"113","author":"Mohanta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts091","article-title":"the UGENE team. 2012. Unipro UGENE: a unified bioinformatics toolkit","volume":"28","author":"Okonechnikov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0260","first-page":"181","article-title":"Fasciolosis due to Fasciola hepatica in ruminants in abattoirs and its economic impact in two regions in Algeria","volume":"35","author":"Ouchene-Khelifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0265","first-page":"426","article-title":"Contrasting population structure from nuclear intron sequences and mtDNA of humpback whales","volume":"11","author":"Palumbi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1459-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and aspermic Fasciola sp. In China based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA","volume":"105","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.10.001","article-title":"First phyenotypic description of Fasciola hepatica\/Fasciola gigantica intermediate forms from human endemic area of the Nile Delta egypt","volume":"8","author":"Periago","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2006.00088.x","article-title":"Size, frequency, and phylogenetic signal of multiple-residue indels in sequence alignment of introns","volume":"22","author":"Pons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0285","first-page":"27","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica isolates by RAPD-PCR and ribosomal ITS1 sequencing","volume":"1","author":"Rokni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2017.204.209","article-title":"Spermatogenic and Phylo-molecular Characterizations of Isolated FasciolaSpp. From Cattle, North West Iran","volume":"20","author":"Rouhani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2009.04187.x","article-title":"G(ST) is still a useful measure of genetic differentiation - a comment on Jost\u2019s D","volume":"18","author":"Ryman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002265","article-title":"Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa","volume":"122","author":"Samuel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.12.002","article-title":"Novel methods for the molecular discrimination of Fasciola spp. On the basis of nuclear protein-coding genes","volume":"65","author":"Shoriki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0310","first-page":"341","article-title":"Multiple nuclear-gene phylogenies: application to pinnipeds and comparison with a mitochondrial DNA gene phylogeny","volume":"11","author":"Slade","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-7903(02)00311-1","article-title":"Reconstructing species phylogeny of the carabid beetles Ohomopterususing multiple nuclear DNA sequences: heterogenous information content and the performance of simultaneous analyses","volume":"26","author":"Sota","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Phyl. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0320","series-title":"Arthropod and Protozoa of Domestic Animals","article-title":"Helminth","author":"Soulsby","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446","article-title":"Raxml-vi-hpc: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models","volume":"22","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585","article-title":"A Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism","volume":"123","author":"Tajima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.44.223","article-title":"FasciolaThe geographical distribution of common liver \ufb02ukes (the genus) with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis","volume":"44","author":"Terasaki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Jpn. J.Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.1305","article-title":"Abnormal spermatogenesis in the common liver fluke (Fasciola sp.) from Japan and Korea","volume":"60","author":"Terasaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.101930","article-title":"Molecular analysis reveals expansion of Fasciola hepatica distribution from Afghanistan to China","volume":"72","author":"Thang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv110","article-title":"Higher physiopathogenicity by Fasciola gigantica than by the genetically close F. hepatica: experimental long-term follow-up of biochemical markers","volume":"110","author":"Valero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.06.032","article-title":"First phenotypic and genotypic description of Fasciola hepatica infecting highland cattle in the state of Mexico","volume":"64","author":"Valero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mexico. Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0360","series-title":"Vol. I. The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Parts II","article-title":"Systerma helminthum","author":"Yamaguti","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0699-0","article-title":"Identification of Anisakid nematodes with zoonotic potential from Europe and China by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA","volume":"101","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401720300157?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401720300157?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T01:34:06Z","timestamp":1759628046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401720300157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0304401720300157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multilocus approach reveals discordant molecular markers and corridors for gene flow between North African populations of Fasciola hepatica","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109035"}}