{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:11:51Z","timestamp":1778537511276,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013221","name":"Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2-84-18-009-950061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-84-18-009-950061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["95GCU3M1310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95GCU3M1310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009587","name":"School of Veterinary Science, Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T13:39:11Z","timestamp":1592660351000},"page":"109171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The evaluation of attenuated Neospora caninum by long-term passages on murine macrophage cell line in prevention of vertical transmission in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Laleh","family":"Amini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Namavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azizollah","family":"Khodakaram-Tafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Divar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad Hossein","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.09.001","article-title":"Neospora caninum in non-pregnant and pregnant mouse models: cross-talk between infection and immunity","volume":"47","author":"Aguado-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000539","article-title":"Long-term passage of tachyzoites in tissue culture can attenuate the virulence of Neospora caninum in vivo","volume":"133","author":"Bartley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007003526","article-title":"Inoculation of Balb\/c mice with live attenuated tachyzoites protects against a lethal challenge of Neospora caninum","volume":"135","author":"Bartley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(93)90236-9","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: the first commercial vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Buxton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0025","first-page":"150","article-title":"Use of mouse macrophage cell lines for in vitro propagation of Toxoplasma gondii RH tachyzoites","author":"Chamberland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-69","article-title":"Mucosal and systemic T cell response in mice intragastrically infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites","volume":"44","author":"Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14913","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14913","article-title":"Predominant role of interferon-gamma in the host protective effect of CD8(+) T cells against Neospora caninum infection","volume":"5","author":"Correia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1086\/374783","article-title":"Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major attenuation of wild type parasites and vaccination with the attenuated lines","volume":"187","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.006","article-title":"Vaccination with recombinant NcROP2 combined with recombinant NcMIC1 and NcMIC3 reduces cerebral infection and vertical transmission in mice experimentally infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites","volume":"39","author":"Debache","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2003.41.1.1","article-title":"Review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis in animals","volume":"41","author":"Dubey","year":"2003","journal-title":"K. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1989.50.09.1578","article-title":"Transplacental Neospora caninum infection in dogs","volume":"50","author":"Dubey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.031","article-title":"Neosporosis in animals\u2014the last five years","volume":"180","author":"Dubey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis","volume":"134","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-06","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum","volume":"20","author":"Dubey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinic. Microb Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0075","series-title":"Neosporosis in Animals","author":"Dubey","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.043","article-title":"Evaluation of recombinant proteins of Neospora caninum as vaccine candidates (in a mouse model)","volume":"26","author":"Ellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00223.x","article-title":"Susceptibility of B-cell de\ufb01cient C57BL\/6 (microMT) mice to Neospora caninum infection","volume":"21","author":"Eperon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0090","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Immunization with native surface protein NcSRS2 induces a Th2 immune response and reduces congenital Neospora caninum transmission in mice","volume":"35","author":"Haldorson","year":"2005","journal-title":"I. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.027","article-title":"Immune response and protection provided by live tachyzoites and native antigens from the NC-6 Argentina strain of Neospora caninum in pregnant heifers","volume":"197","author":"Hecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60241-9","article-title":"The host-parasite relationship in neosporosis","volume":"43","author":"Hemphill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0105","first-page":"877","article-title":"A European perspective on Neospora caninum","volume":"30","author":"Hemphill","year":"2000","journal-title":"I. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000084754","article-title":"Adhesion and invasion of bovine endothelial cells by Neospora caninum","volume":"112","author":"Hemphill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000485","article-title":"Cellular and immunological basis of the host-parasite relationship during infection with Neospora caninum","volume":"133","author":"Hemphill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001596","article-title":"Approaches for the vaccination and treatment of Neospora caninum infections in mice and ruminant models","volume":"143","author":"Hemphill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.036","article-title":"Developing vaccines to control protozoan parasites in ruminants: dead or alive?","volume":"180","author":"Innes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1404","article-title":"Evaluation of vaccination with Neospora caninum protein for prevention of fetal loss associated with experimentally induced neosporosis in sheep","volume":"65","author":"Jenkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.013","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction studies in Neospora caninum experimentally infected broiler chicken embryonated eggs","volume":"188","author":"Khodakaram-Tafti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.04.016","article-title":"Comparison of use of Vero cell line and suspension culture of murine macrophage to attenuation of virulence of Neospora caninum","volume":"95","author":"Khordadmehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.2307\/3285670","article-title":"Prevention of vertical transfer of Neospora caninum in BALB\/c mice by vaccination","volume":"85","author":"Liddell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2969","article-title":"Immunization of mice with plasmid DNA coding for NcGRA7 or NcsHSP33 confers partial protection against vertical transmission of Neospora caninum","volume":"89","author":"Liddell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2307\/3283943","article-title":"Mouse model for central nervous system Neospora caninum infections","volume":"81","author":"Lindsay","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0160","first-page":"1521","article-title":"A structural study of the Neospora caninum oocyst","volume":"29","author":"Lindsay","year":"1999","journal-title":"I. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0062","article-title":"High-dose interferon- \u03b3 promotes abortion in mice by suppressing Treg and Th17 polarization","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-883R.1","article-title":"Comparative effect of Neospora caninum infection in BALB\/c mice at three different gestation periods","volume":"92","author":"Lopez-Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.05.018","article-title":"Influence of Neospora caninum infection in BALB\/c mice during pregnancy in post-natal development","volume":"155","author":"Lopez-Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00024-3","article-title":"Immunisation of mice against neosporosis","volume":"32","author":"Lunden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.07.001","article-title":"Characterization of the immune response in the placenta of cattle experimentally infected with Neospora caninum in early gestation","volume":"135","author":"Maley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.041","article-title":"Histopathological and clinical investigations in Neospora caninum experimentally infected broiler chicken embryonated eggs","volume":"166","author":"Mansourian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.091","article-title":"Transgenic Neospora caninum strains constitutively expressing the bradyzoite NcSAG4 protein proved to be safe and conferred signi\ufb01cant levels of protection against vertical transmission when used as live vaccines in mice","volume":"29","author":"Marugan-Hernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb10967.x","article-title":"Characterisation of the \ufb01rs Australian isolate of Neospora caninum from cattle","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.03.006","article-title":"Reduction in transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in outbred mice by vaccination","volume":"35","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.02.015","article-title":"Vaccines against neosporosis: what can we learn from the past studies?","volume":"140","author":"Monney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.038","article-title":"RecNcMIC3-1-R is a microneme- and rhoptry-based chimeric antigen that protects against acute neosporosis and limits cerebral parasite load in the mouse model for Neospora caninum infection","volume":"29","author":"Monney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.08.024","article-title":"Vaccination with the recombinant chimeric antigen recNcMIC3-1-R induces a non-protective Th2-type immune response in the pregnant mouse model for Neospora caninum infection","volume":"30","author":"Monney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0285","article-title":"Towards a preventive strategy for neosporosis: challenges and future perspectives for vaccine development against infection with Neospora caninum","volume":"79","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008095","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-induced apoptosis in host cells infected with Neospora caninum","volume":"123","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00032-09","article-title":"Immunization with oligomannose-coated liposome-entrapped dense granule protein 7 protects dams and offspring from Neospora caninum infection in mice","volume":"16","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7936","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07936","article-title":"Transcriptome and histopathological changes in mouse brain infected with Neospora caninum","volume":"5","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-006-0001-0","article-title":"Diagnosis of bovine neosporosis: recent advances and perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Ortega-Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2008.008056","article-title":"A new method for induction and synchronization of oestrus and fertile ovulations in mice by using exogenous hormones","volume":"43","author":"Pallares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00703-09","article-title":"Protection against Lethal Neospora caninum infection in mice induced by heterologous vaccination with a mic1 mic3 knockout Toxoplasma gondii strain","volume":"78","author":"Penarete-Vargas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immune"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991855","article-title":"Pathogenic characterization in mice of Neospora caninum isolates obtained from asymptomatic calves","volume":"137","author":"Pereira Garcia-Melo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4633","article-title":"Theileria annulata:attenuation of a schizont-infected cell line by prolonged in vitro culture is not caused by the preferential growth of particular host cell types","volume":"98","author":"Preston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2005.00083.x","article-title":"Vaccination with gamma-irradiated Neospora caninum tachyzoites protects mice against acute challenge with Neospora caninum","volume":"53","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.020","article-title":"Prevention of lethal infection of C57BL\/6 mice by vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 expressing Neospora caninum antigens","volume":"37","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0280","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Neospora caninum--how close are we to development of an efficacious vaccine that prevents abortion in cattle? Int. J","volume":"39","author":"Reichel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.009","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a bovine isolate of Neospora caninum with low virulence","volume":"159","author":"Rojo-Montejo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-62","article-title":"Evaluation of the protection conferred by a naturally attenuated Neospora caninum isolate against congenital and cerebral neosporosis in mice","volume":"43","author":"Rojo-Montejo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-106","article-title":"Effect of vaccination of cattle with the low virulence Nc-Spain 1H isolate of Neospora caninum against a heterologous challenge in early and mid-gestation","volume":"44","author":"Rojo-Montejo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00238-7","article-title":"The role of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in the protective immune response of BALB\/c mice to Neospora caninum infection","volume":"90","author":"Tanaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00225-12","article-title":"On the ef\ufb01cacy and safety of vaccination with live tachyzoites of Neospora caninum for prevention of Neospora-associated fetal loss in cattle","volume":"20","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00777-06","article-title":"Immunization of cattle with live tachyzoites of Neospora caninum confers protection against fetal death","volume":"75","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immune."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990588","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum\u2014How the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease","volume":"136","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2307\/3284160","article-title":"Neospora caninum: specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of brain \u201ccyst\u201d DNA of experimentally infected nude mice by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)","volume":"82","author":"Yamage","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.01.008","article-title":"Neospora caninum: application of apical membrane antigen1 encapsulated in the oligomannose-coated liposomes for reduction of offspring mortality from infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401720301515?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401720301515?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:32:19Z","timestamp":1778535139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401720301515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0304401720301515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The evaluation of attenuated Neospora caninum by long-term passages on murine macrophage cell line in prevention of vertical transmission in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109171","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109171"}}