{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:32:44Z","timestamp":1769344364077,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T22:17:36Z","timestamp":1611267456000},"page":"109367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Naphthoquinone derivatives exhibit apoptosis-like effect and anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma evansi"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Ruma","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9731-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajender S.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c19-00911","article-title":"1,4-Naphthoquinones: some biological properties and application","volume":"68","author":"Aminin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3311-4","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi","volume":"12","author":"Aregawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.17397","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: the dual role in physiological and pathological conditions of the human body","volume":"50","author":"Bardaweel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082504","article-title":"Synthetic 1, 4-pyran naphthoquinones are potent inhibitors of dengue virus replication","volume":"8","author":"da Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.11.034","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi of substituted 1, 4-naphthoquinones","volume":"60","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.07.004","article-title":"Development of a mathematical model for mechanical transmission of trypanosomes and other pathogens of cattle transmitted by tabanids","volume":"39","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194176","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/194176","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects","volume":"2013","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0040","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0045","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Role of ROS and RNS sources in physiological and pathological conditions","author":"Di Meo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2016.10.003","article-title":"Effects of a novel \u03b2\u2013lapachone derivative on Trypanosoma cruzi: Parasite death involving apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis","volume":"6","author":"dos Anjos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-018-0165-8","article-title":"Efficacy of sertraline against Trypanosoma cruzi: an in vitro and in silico study","volume":"24","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2307\/3282883","article-title":"Continuous cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei blood stream forms in a medium containing a low concentration of serum protein without feeder cell layers","volume":"75","author":"Hirumi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.02.002","article-title":"1, 4-Naphthoquinones as inducers of oxidative damage and stress signaling in HaCaT human keratinocytes","volume":"496","author":"Klaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0314-5","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of different in vitro cultivation media for Trypanosoma evansi isolated from different mammalian hosts inhabiting different geographical areas of India","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160413125453","article-title":"Recent development in identification of potential novel therapeutic targets against trypanosomatids","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06861-7","article-title":"Drug-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibitory effect on growth of Trypanosoma evansi in axenic culture system","volume":"119","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.12.052","article-title":"Efficacy of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1, 4]-naphthoquinone derivatives against different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete type units: identification of a promising hit compound","volume":"144","author":"Lara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173121","article-title":"Analysis of the mechanisms of action of naphthoquinone-based anti-acute myeloid leukemia chemotherapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.12.059","article-title":"Target ROS to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by 5, 7-dimethoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone derivative","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030576","article-title":"Naphthoquinone derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. SK-S009","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/614014","article-title":"The double-edged sword in pathogenic trypanosomatids: the pivotal role of mitochondria in oxidative stress and bioenergetics","volume":"2014","author":"Menna-Barreto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0110","first-page":"103","article-title":"Mechanical Transmission of Trypanosoma spp. by African Stomoxyinae (Diptera: Muscidae)","volume":"46","author":"Mihok","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002012","article-title":"Naphthoquinone derivatives exert their antitrypanosomal activity via a multi-target mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Pieretti","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.108018","article-title":"Nanotechnology enabled the enhancement of antitrypanosomal activity of piperine against Trypanosoma evansi","author":"Rani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160413125802","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic approaches against Trypanosoma evansi: retrospective analysis, current status and future outlook","volume":"16","author":"Rathore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201900077","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 1, 4\u2010Naphthoquinone derivatives as potential antibacterial agents","volume":"8","author":"Ravichandiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemistryOpen."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201800749","article-title":"Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 1, 4\u2010naphthoquinone derivatives containing a phenylaminosulfanyl moiety","volume":"14","author":"Ravichandiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009796","article-title":"Proteomics of Trypanosoma evansi infection in rodents","volume":"5","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711793979779","article-title":"Natural and synthetic naphthoquinones active against Trypanosoma cruzi: an initial step towards new drugs for Chagas disease","volume":"18","author":"Salas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-196","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondrial swelling and membrane potential collapse as primary evidence of the mode of action of naphthoquinone analogues","volume":"13","author":"Salom\u00e3o","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.869","article-title":"Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in a village in India: preliminary serologic survey of the local population","volume":"75","author":"Shegokar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw052","article-title":"A clinical and epidemiological investigation of the first reported human infection with the zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma evansi in Southeast Asia","volume":"62","author":"Van Vinh Chau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367_bib0165","first-page":"1654","article-title":"Novel 1, 4\u2011naphthoquinone derivatives induce reactive oxygen species\u2011mediated apoptosis in liver cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401721000273?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401721000273?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T01:34:49Z","timestamp":1759628089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401721000273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0304401721000273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Naphthoquinone derivatives exhibit apoptosis-like effect and anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma evansi","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109367","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109367"}}