{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:52:27Z","timestamp":1789761147056,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010677","name":"INTA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDi114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDi114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010747","name":"CONCYTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE501079385\\u20132022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501079385\\u20132022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T14:42:05Z","timestamp":1777214525000},"page":"110784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Demonstration of the adult dog (Canis lupus familiaris) as definitive host of Sarcocystis aucheniae under natural conditions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"345","author":[{"given":"Cesar","family":"Vargas Tacuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Baldoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Malaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximena","family":"Barriga Marcapura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Chavez-Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonhard","family":"Schnittger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Florin-Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Reategui Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024001501","article-title":"Prevalence study of Echinococcus granulosus in guanaco (Lama guanicoe) from the Chilean Patagonia unexpectedly reveals the southernmost limit of Taenia omissa","volume":"151","author":"Alvarez Rojas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00948-16","article-title":"Giardia alters commensal microbial diversity throughout the murine gut","volume":"85","author":"Barash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.09.007","article-title":"Molecular identification of Sarcocystis aucheniae as the macrocyst-forming parasite of llamas","volume":"198","author":"Carletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib4","series-title":"Guanacos and People in Patagonia","author":"Carmanchahi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13283","article-title":"Consistency of faecal scoring using two canine faecal scoring systems","volume":"62","author":"Cavett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205986119","article-title":"Comparative genomics uncovers the evolutionary history, demography, and molecular adaptations of South American canids","volume":"119","author":"Chavez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib7","first-page":"76","article-title":"Relationship between the size of macrocysts of Sarcocystis aucheniae and its viability in Canis familiaris","volume":"18","author":"Cornejo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Inv. Vet. Per\u00fa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(03)00174-8","article-title":"Meat and carcass quality from Peruvian llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Lama pacos)","volume":"66","author":"Cristofanelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib9","series-title":"Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets","first-page":"103","article-title":"Sarcocystis","author":"Decker-Franco","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib10","unstructured":"Decker-Franco, C., 2018. Avances En El Conocimiento de La Sarcocistiosis de Cam\u00e9lidos Sudamericanos y Desarrollo de Herramientas Para Su Control. Trabajo de tesis para optar al t\u00edtulo de Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. \u3008https:\/\/repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar\/gsdl\/cgi-bin\/library.cgi?a=d&c=posgraafa&cl=CL1&d=HWA_5800\u3009."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00928","article-title":"Detection of Sarcocystis aucheniae in blood of llama using a duplex semi-nested PCR assay and its association with cyst infestation","volume":"4","author":"Decker-Franco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib12","series-title":"Sarcocystosis of animals and Humans","first-page":"185","author":"Dubey","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib13","series-title":"Parasitology","article-title":"Diagnostic Medical","author":"Garcia","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv772","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota of children in diarrhea due to the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"213","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib15","unstructured":"Giuliano, S.M., Reategui Ordo\u00f1ez, J., Barriga Marcapuda, X., Florin-Christensen, M., 2023. Situaci\u00f3n actual de la calidad de carne de cam\u00e9lidos sudamericanos (llama y alpaca) en Argentina y Per\u00fa y su relaci\u00f3n con la infestaci\u00f3n con Sarcocystis aucheniae. Proceedings of the XXIII Reuni\u00f3n Nacional de la Asociaci\u00f3n Boliviana de Producci\u00f3n Animal \u2013 ABOPA, Oruro, Bolivia. (\u3008https:\/\/www.cifumss.agro.bo\/abopa\/index.html\u3009)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(84)90025-6","article-title":"Sarcocystis sp. in guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and effect of temperature on its viability","volume":"15","author":"Gorman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib17","unstructured":"Hanson, B., 2012. Monitoring Dog Waste in La Llorona Park at Picacho Bridge in Las Cruces, New Mexico. \u3008http:\/\/smiley.nmsu.edu\/pdnwc\/docs\/dogwastestudy_lloranapark.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12515","article-title":"Characterization of Sarcocystis fayeri \u2019s actin-depolymerizing factor as a toxin that causes diarrhea","volume":"22","author":"Irikura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.759252","article-title":"First report of Sarcocystis masoni in a captive alpaca (Vicugna pacos) from China","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-351","article-title":"A toxin isolated from Sarcocystis fayeri in raw horsemeat may be responsible for food poisoning","volume":"77","author":"Kamata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib21","first-page":"200","article-title":"Molecular detection of Sarcocystis aucheniae in the blood of llamas from Argentina","volume":"48","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.003","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis sp. in llamas (Lama glama) from Jujuy, Argentina","volume":"155","author":"Mor\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201600007X","article-title":"Sarcocystis masoni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), and redescription of Sarcocystis aucheniae from llama (Lama glama), guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos)","volume":"143","author":"Mor\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5505-z","article-title":"First molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon and Sarcocystis spp. in field mice and voles from Japan","volume":"116","author":"Moustafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2025.110466","article-title":"Prevalence of spurious parasites identified in feces of dogs and correlation with true canine parasitism","volume":"336","author":"Nagamori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2025.110555","article-title":"Longitudinal detection of Sarcocystis aucheniae DNA in blood samples of naturally infected alpacas in the Andean highlands of Peru","volume":"338","author":"Neyra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1515\/MAMM.2009.016","article-title":"First records of culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) attacks and cooperative defense by guanacos (Lama guanicoe)","volume":"73","author":"Novaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mammalia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.12.014","article-title":"Standardisation of nomenclature for dog mtDNA D-loop: a prerequisite for launching a Canis familiaris database","volume":"141","author":"Pereira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13364-023-00717-y","article-title":"Species delimitation and intraspecific diversification in recently diverged South American foxes","volume":"69","author":"Pizarro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115124","article-title":"Rapid urbanization of red foxes in Estonia: distribution, behaviour, attacks on domestic animals, and health-risks related to zoonotic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Plumer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-017-1045-4","article-title":"Assessing the roles of wolves and dogs in livestock predation with suggestions for mitigating human\u2013wildlife conflict and conservation of wolves","volume":"19","author":"Plumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conserv. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2020.108285","article-title":"Meat of South American camelids - Sensory quality and nutritional composition","volume":"171","author":"Popova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3390\/life14030365","article-title":"Detection of three Sarcocystis species (Apicomplexa) in blood samples of the bank vole and yellow-necked mouse from Lithuania","volume":"14","author":"Prakas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib34","first-page":"118","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis aucheniae isolated from meat of guanaco (Lama guanicoe)","volume":"2","author":"Regensburger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Qual. Hazards Cont."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03498-3","article-title":"The occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in the myocardium of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) with associated risk factors in the Peruvian Andes","volume":"55","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib36","first-page":"65","article-title":"Seropositivity to Sarcocystis infection of llamas correlates with breeding practices","volume":"10","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.11.014","article-title":"Sarcocystis spp. in llamas (Lama glama) in southern Bolivia: A cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and loss in income caused by carcass downgrades","volume":"116","author":"Rooney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2748-1","article-title":"Sarcocystosis in South American camelids: the state of play revisited","volume":"11","author":"Saeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2009.02.015","article-title":"Nutrient composition and technological quality of meat from alpacas reared in Peru","volume":"82","author":"Salv\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00926685","article-title":"Fine structure and development of Sarcocystis aucheniae in llamas","volume":"70","author":"Schnieder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Z. Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5683-8","article-title":"An optimized DNA extraction method for molecular identification of coccidian species","volume":"117","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X22000116","article-title":"Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs","volume":"96","author":"Tull","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib43","article-title":"Pre-Columbian origins of native American dog breeds, with only limited replacement by European dogs, confirmed by mtDNA analysis","volume":"280","author":"Van Asch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib44","first-page":"537","article-title":"Saneamiento y eliminaci\u00f3n de la toxicidad de carne de alpaca (Vicugna pacos) con sarcocistiosis mediante ahumado y curado","volume":"24","author":"Vilca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Inv. Vet. Per\u00fa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10491-0","article-title":"Molecular identification of Sarcocystis aucheniae in the wild South American camelid Vicugna vicugna","volume":"48","author":"Wieser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030196","article-title":"Sarcocystis spp. of new and old world camelids: ancient origin, present challenges","volume":"13","author":"Wieser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib47","first-page":"396","article-title":"Techniques for the isolation and purification of Sarcosytis aucheniae oocysts from small intestine of experimentally infected dogs","volume":"24","author":"Zacar\u00edas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Inv. Vet. Per\u00fa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02197-2","volume":"52","author":"Zarrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06925-6","article-title":"The development and excretion of\u00a0Toxoplasma gondii\u00a0oocyst manipulate the gut microbiota in its definitive host","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401726001032?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401726001032?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T13:27:49Z","timestamp":1783171669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401726001032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0304401726001032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Demonstration of the adult dog (Canis lupus familiaris) as definitive host of Sarcocystis aucheniae under natural conditions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2026.110784","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110784"}}