{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T03:12:02Z","timestamp":1767150722882,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["valuehealthregionalissues.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Value in Health Regional Issues"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T03:32:14Z","timestamp":1740022334000},"page":"101092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cost-Utility Analysis and Efficiency Frontier of Drugs Available in Brazil for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bruno M.","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo G.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo R.","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Magliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib1","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00002-9","article-title":"Pathology of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases","volume":"122","author":"Kutzelnigg","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib2","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64076-5.00046-6","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"148","author":"Cotsapas","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib3","series-title":"Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es esclerose m\u00faltipla. 1a Edi\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Machado","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i7.545","article-title":"Treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis: when to start, when to change, when to stop?","volume":"3","author":"Gajofatto","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182918cc2","article-title":"Incidence of multiple sclerosis in multiple racial and ethnic groups","volume":"80","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8719-0","article-title":"Advancing drug delivery systems for the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Tabansky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib8","author":"Minist\u00e9rio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010119","article-title":"Escalation vs. early Intense Therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Casanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104581","article-title":"Cost, efficacy, and safety comparison between early intensive and escalating strategies for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Pipek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-021-00677-1","article-title":"Early aggressive treatment approaches for multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211019574","article-title":"Long-term disability trajectories in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients treated with early intensive or escalation treatment strategies","volume":"14","author":"Iaffaldano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199446","article-title":"The long-term costs for treating multiple sclerosis in a 16-year retrospective cohort study in Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Maia Diniz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1352-3","article-title":"Cost analysis of multiple sclerosis in Brazil: a cross-sectional multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208837","article-title":"Burden and cost of multiple sclerosis in Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Kobelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2006.00144.x","article-title":"The effect of disease, functional status, and relapses on the utility of people with multiple sclerosis in the UK","volume":"10","author":"Orme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01671-6","article-title":"EQ-5D Brazilian population norms","volume":"19","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2011.08.006","article-title":"Cladribine tablets for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: efficacy across patient subgroups from the phase III CLARITY study","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194259.90286.fe","article-title":"Disability progression in multiple sclerosis is slower than previously reported","volume":"66","author":"Tremlett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004073","article-title":"UK multiple sclerosis risk-sharing scheme: a new natural history dataset and an improved Markov model","volume":"4","author":"Palace","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.2.1057","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study","volume":"114","author":"Weinshenker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2019.1585779","volume":"35","author":"Berardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1407303","article-title":"Systematic literature review and network meta-analysis of cladribine tablets versus alternative disease-modifying treatments for relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.06.001","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of disease-modifying therapies for patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Fogarty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00212-5","article-title":"A systematic review and mixed treatment comparison of pharmaceutical interventions for multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2020-0122","article-title":"Comparison of ofatumumab and other disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Samjoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.12.040","article-title":"Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing ocrelizumab with other treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"McCool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102826","article-title":"Disease modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246","article-title":"Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis","volume":"383","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277","article-title":"Ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a in Relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Polman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Kappos","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7264-4","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis","volume":"261","author":"Vollmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1268","article-title":"Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907839","article-title":"Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","article-title":"Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Coles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","article-title":"Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2950","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 2 fingolimod doses vs glatiramer acetate for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"78","author":"Cree","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23863","article-title":"Randomized study combining interferon and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Lublin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70200-X","article-title":"Comparison of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the Rebif vs glatiramer acetate in Relapsing MS Disease [REGARD] study): a multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label trial","volume":"7","author":"Mikol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70308-9","article-title":"Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (TOWER): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Confavreux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.655","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.01.002","article-title":"Health utilities for multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Hawton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2017.1355310","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of ocrelizumab versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2015.1135805","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Mauskopf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2016.1157080","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of peginterferon beta-1a compared with interferon beta-1a and glatiramer acetate in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Hernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2016.1164174","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Canada","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.01.028","article-title":"Cost-utility of first-line disease-modifying treatments for relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Soini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2017.1345748","article-title":"Costs and effectiveness of fingolimod versus alemtuzumab in the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the UK: re-treatment, discount, and disutility","volume":"20","author":"Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2016.1258366","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Bozkaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0207-x","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate and intramuscular interferon-\u03b21a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.788830","article-title":"Systematic review of safety and efficacy of second- and third-generation CD20-targeting biologics in treating immune-mediated disorders","volume":"12","author":"Kaegi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2014.991786","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of natalizumab vs fingolimod for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: analyses in Sweden","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2014.890936","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of glatiramer acetate and interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, based on the CombiRx study","volume":"17","author":"Darb\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.06.012","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of early initiation of fingolimod versus delayed initiation after 1 year of intramuscular interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Agashivala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib71","first-page":"666","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of peginterferon Beta-1a and alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Dashputre","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70226-1","article-title":"250 \u03bcg or 500 \u03bcg interferon beta-1b versus 20 mg glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomised, multicentre study","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014656","article-title":"Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"365","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802670","article-title":"Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in Early multiple sclerosis","volume":"359","author":"Coles","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902533","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206328","article-title":"Placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis","volume":"367","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114287","article-title":"Placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"367","author":"Gold","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000034080.43681.DA","article-title":"Randomized, comparative study of interferon -1a treatment regimens in MS: the EVIDENCE Trial","volume":"59","author":"Panitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70049-3","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1277","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS\/MRI Analysis Group","volume":"45","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1145-x","article-title":"Effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneously three times weekly on clinical and radiological measures and no evidence of disease activity status in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis at year 1","volume":"18","author":"Traboulsee","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0541-5","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Lucchetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0318-1","article-title":"Differences in utility scores obtained through Brazilian and UK value sets: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Takemoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2012.654868","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of disease modifiying drugs (interferons and glatiramer acetate) as first line treatments in remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"15","author":"S\u00e1nchez-de la Rosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-013-0478-z","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of injectable disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in Spain","volume":"15","author":"Dembek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2017.1357564","article-title":"Incremental net monetary benefit of ocrelizumab relative to subcutaneous interferon \u03b2 -1a","volume":"20","author":"Frasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2016.1247712","article-title":"Peginterferon beta-1a versus other self-injectable disease-modifying therapies in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Scotland: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-21-50","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of different interferon beta products for relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: decision analysis based on long-term clinical data and switchable treatments","volume":"21","author":"Nikfar","year":"2013","journal-title":"DARU J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.07.010","article-title":"Long-term cost-effectiveness model of interferon beta-1b in the early treatment of multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2012.693553","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of fingolimod versus interferon beta-1a for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-018-0683-9","article-title":"Modeling approaches in cost-effectiveness analysis of disease-modifying therapies for relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: an updated systematic review and recommendations for future economic evaluations","volume":"36","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20180078","article-title":"Brazilian consensus for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Brazilian academy of neurology and Brazilian committee on treatment and research in multiple sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq Neuro Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092_bib94","first-page":"101","article-title":"Long-term survival experience of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Pokorski","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Insur Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101141","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000}}],"container-title":["Value in Health Regional Issues"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212109925000172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212109925000172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T20:27:54Z","timestamp":1752611274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212109925000172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S2212109925000172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-1099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-1099","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cost-Utility Analysis and Efficiency Frontier of Drugs Available in Brazil for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Value in Health Regional Issues","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vhri.2025.101092","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101092"}}