{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:42:05Z","timestamp":1789440125679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3552,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,20]],"date-time":"2003-11-20T08:04:02Z","timestamp":1069315442000},"page":"263-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates viral-induced encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Donalyn","family":"Scheuner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Gromeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique V","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Dorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benbo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupali V","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckard J","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger E","family":"McLendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randal J","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.9.5953","article-title":"Characterization of transgenic mice with targeted disruption of the catalytic domain of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR","volume":"274","author":"Abraham","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00014-5","article-title":"Essential role for the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR in innate immunity to viral infection","volume":"13","author":"Balachandran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00125-4","article-title":"P58IPK, a plant ortholog of double-stranded RNA-denendent protein kinase PKR inhibitor, functions in viral pathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Bilgin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.5.2244-2251.1989","article-title":"The cellular 68,000-Mr protein kinase is highly autophosphorylated and activated yet significantly degraded during poliovirus infection","volume":"63","author":"Black","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.13.4532-4542.2000","article-title":"PKR stimulates NF-kappaB irrespective of its kinase function by interacting with the IkappaB kinase complex","volume":"20","author":"Bonnet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB6","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Phosphoryation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2\u03b1 (eIF2\u03b1) is associated with neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Neurosci. Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05200.x","article-title":"Human p68 kinase exhibits growth suppression in yeast and homology to the translational regulator GCN2","volume":"11","author":"Chong","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80146-6","article-title":"JNK2 and IKKbeta are required for activating the innate response to viral infection","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.4.2475","article-title":"Double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase PKR enhances transcriptional activation by tumor suppressor p53","volume":"19","author":"Cuddihy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202620","article-title":"The double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase PKR physically associates with the tumor suppressor p53 protein and phosphorylates human p53 on serine 392 in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Cuddihy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/356215a0","article-title":"Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumors","volume":"356","author":"Donehower","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00052.x","article-title":"Abrogation of translation initiation factor eIF-2 phosphorylation causes malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells","volume":"14","author":"Donze","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)00165-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of interferon resistance mediated by viral-directed inhibition of PKR, the interferon-induced protein kinase","volume":"78","author":"Gale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2370","article-title":"Internal ribosomal entry site substitution eliminates neurovirulence in intergeneric poliovirus recombinants","volume":"93","author":"Gromeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(05)80002-6","article-title":"Mouse neuropathogenic poliovirus strains cause damage in the central nervous system distinct from poliomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Gromeier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.14.4831","article-title":"A human beta-actin expression vector system directs high-level accumulation of antisense transcripts","volume":"84","author":"Gunning","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80330-5","article-title":"PERK is essential for translation regulation and cell survival during the unfolded protein response","volume":"5","author":"Harding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/16729","article-title":"Protein translation and folding are coupled by an endoplasmic-reticulum-resident kinase","volume":"397","author":"Harding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB19","series-title":"Manipulating the Mouse Embryo","author":"Hogan","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204267","article-title":"Activation of the I\u03baB\u03b1 kinase (IKK) complex by double-stranded RNA-binding defective and catalytic inactive mutants of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR","volume":"20","author":"Ishii","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11693","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates virus-induced apoptosis","volume":"96","author":"Kaufman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB22","series-title":"Translational Control of Gene Expression","first-page":"503","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR","author":"Kaufman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1089\/107999000414835","article-title":"Effect of deficiency of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, on antiviral resistance in the presence or absence of ribonuclease L","volume":"20","author":"Khabar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1382315","article-title":"Malignant transformation by a mutant of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA dependent protein-kinase","volume":"257","author":"Koromilas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6288","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-kappa B by phosphorylating I kappa B","volume":"91","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.2.406","article-title":"Deficient cytokine signaling in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted deletion in the PKR gene","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1987.7.511","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA and interferon action","volume":"7","author":"Lengyel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Interferon Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.3.1121","article-title":"Regulation of protein synthesis","volume":"75","author":"Levin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90374-N","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon","volume":"62","author":"Meurs","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.1.232","article-title":"Tumor suppressor function of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase","volume":"90","author":"Meurs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB31","first-page":"280","article-title":"A cDNA cloning vector that permits expression of cDNA inserts in mammalian cells","volume":"3","author":"Okayama","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.2.263","article-title":"Regulation of c-myc expression by IFN-gamma through Stat1-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"19","author":"Ramana","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/47520","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins are direct inhibitors of IkappaB kinase","volume":"403","author":"Rossi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90112-O","article-title":"Antiviral actions of interferon","volume":"183","author":"Samuel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1126\/science.98.2551.452","article-title":"Transmission to rodents of Lansing type poliomyelitis virus originating in the Middle East","volume":"98","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1943","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(95)90061-6","article-title":"Viruses and apoptosis","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7499","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.12.7499","article-title":"Identification and characterization of pancreatic eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit kinase, PEK, involved in translational control","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/154.2.787","article-title":"A mammalian homologue of GCN2 protein kinase important for translational control by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha","volume":"154","author":"Sood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.4.2416","article-title":"Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 mediates apoptosis in response to activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"273","author":"Srivastava","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9580","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.20.9580-9585.2000","article-title":"The murine double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is required for resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus","volume":"74","author":"Stojdl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6095","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00300.x","article-title":"Deficient signaling in mice devoid of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YeungM.ChangD., L., R. Camanitigue, E., Lau, A.S., 1999. Inhibitory role of the host apoptogenic gene PKR in the establishment of persistent infection by encephalomyocarditis virus in U937 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96;11860\u201311865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11860"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.19.6681-6688.2002","article-title":"The GCN2 eIF2alpha kinase is required for adaptation to amino acid deprivation in mice","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682203006123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682203006123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T23:25:59Z","timestamp":1758583559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682203006123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042682203006123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates viral-induced encephalitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2003.08.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}